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| Freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, & assembly. |
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Right to bear arms.
Well regulated malitia. |
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| No quartering soldiers in times of peace. |
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| No unreasonable searches & seizures. |
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Right to:
Indictment by Grand Jury,
Protection from Double Jeopardy,
Right to Due Process of Law,
Protection from Self Incrimination,
Protection from Eminent Domain |
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Right to:
A speedy & public trial by jury,
Be informed of crime/accusation,
cross-examination of the witnesses,
subpoena witnesses in your favor,
right to a council (attorney & lawyer). |
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| Right of trial by jury in civil cases of $50K+ |
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| Protection from excessive bail, excessive fines, & cruel & unusual punishment. |
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| Rights/Protections not listed in the C are implied. |
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| Reserved Powers(to the states) |
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| You cannot sue a state if you are not a resident of that state in federal court. |
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Changed the way electors cast votes from 2(P) to 1(VP),1(P);
House votes fro P if there is no maj;
Senate votes for VP if there is no maj. |
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Civil War Amendment:
prohibition of slavery. |
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Civil War Amendment:
citizenship granted to new;y freed slaves. |
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Civil War Amendment:
Black men right to vote |
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| congressional right to levy taxes |
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| popular election of US senators |
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lame duck;
changed date from taking office from MARCH 4th to JAN 20th, & Cong JAN 3rd |
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| repealed 18th (prohobition alcohol) |
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| P can only serve 2 terms in office. |
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peaceful transition of power;
explains P succession, VP vacancy, has provisions for P disability |
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| have to be 18 to vote (lowered voting age) |
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| congressional salary increases do not go into effect until next cong election |
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Interstate Relations Article:
full faith & credit clause,
priviledges & immunities |
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Definition
| The Amending Power Clause |
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Informal Amendment Process:
1. Congressional Elaboration |
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Definition
laws passed by Congress to detail provisions in the Constitution;
framers gave Cong the power over money structural details of the gov;
Cong can create legislation to handle changes (formal amendment not needed every time);
other fed courts have been set up since the Judiciary Actt of 1789. |
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Informal Amendment Process:
2. Presidential Practices |
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Definition
an act of the P;
set precedents;
foreign/economic/nuclear crisis expanded power;
EXECUTIVE ORDERS (w/ force of law)
EXECUTIVE PRIVILEDGE
IMPOUNDMENT
DECIDING WHE TO USE NUCLEAR WEAPONS |
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Informal Amendment Process:
3. Custom & Usage |
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Definition
Tradition;
CABINET,
POLITICAL PARTIES
TELEVISED PRESS CONFERENCES
P & VP DEBATES |
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Term
Informal Amendment Process:
4. Judicial Interpretation |
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Definition
court decisions;
updates the Con;
ex. Maurbury v. Madison Judicial Review |
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