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| The formal vehicle through which policies are mad and affairs of state are conducted |
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| Member of the political community to whom certain rights and obligations are attached |
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| The study of who gets what, when, and how--or how policy decisions are made |
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| A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interests of all |
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| A form of government in which power resides in a leader who rules according to self interest and without regard for individual rights and liberties |
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| A form of government in which the right to participate is conditioned on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement |
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| A system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives |
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| Docment written by the Pilgrims while at sea enumerating the scope of their government and its expectations of citizens |
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| An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed |
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| The belief that people are free and equal by natural right, and that this in turn requires that all people give their conesnt to be governed; espoused by John Locke influential in the writing of the Declaration of Independence |
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| A system of government in which members of the polity meet to discuss all policy decisions and then agree to abide by majority rule |
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| A system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote for representatives who will work on their behalf |
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| A government rooted in the consent of the governed; a representative or indirect democracy |
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| Commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate |
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| The principle that all citizens are equal in the political process, as implied by the phrase "one person, one vote" |
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| The principle that governments must draw their powers from the consent of the governed |
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| The central premise of direct democracy in which only policies that collectively garner the support of a majority of voters will be made into law |
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| The notion that the ultimate authority in society rests with the people |
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| A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason |
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| Society created when citizens are allowed to organize and express their views publicly as they engage in an open debate about public policy |
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| The coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals |
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| One who favors a free market economy and no governmental interference in personal liberties |
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| One who believes that a government is best that governs least and that big government can only infringe on individual, personal, and economic rights |
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| One who believes that traditional moral teaching should be supported and furthered by the government |
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| One who favors governmental involvment in the economy and in the provision of social services and who takes an activist role in protecting the rights of women, the elderly, minorities, and the environment |
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| An American ideal of a happy, successful life, which often includes wealth, a house, a better life for one's children, and for some the ability t grow up to be president |
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| An economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade |
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| Meeting of representatives of nine of thirteen colonies held in New York City in 1765, during which representatives drafted a document to send to the king listing how their rights had been violated. |
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| Committees of Correspondence |
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| Organization in each of the American colonies created to keep colonists abreast of developments with the British |
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| First Continental Congress |
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| Meeting held in Philly from September 5 to October 26 1774 in which fifty-six delegates adopted a resolution in opposition to the Coercive Acts |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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| Meeting that convened in Philly on May 10, 1775, at which it was decided that an army shuold be raised and GW of Virginia was named commander in chief |
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| Deceleration of Independence |
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| Document drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| The compact among the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states |
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| Type of government where the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states |
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| A 1786 rebellion in which an army of 1.5k disgruntled and angry farmers led b Daniel Shays marches to Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms |
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| A document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government |
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| The first general plan for the Constitution offered in Philly. Its key points were bicameral legislature, and an executive and a judiciary chosen by the national legislature |
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| A framework fro teh Constitution propsed b ya group of small states. Its key points were a one-house legislature with one vote fro each state, a Congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court with members appointed for life |
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| The final decision of the Constitution Convention to create a two house legislature with the lower house elected by the people and with powers divided between the two houses. It also made national law supreme |
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| Agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that each slave was to becounted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of determining population for representation in the US house of reps. |
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| A constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others |
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| Plan of government in which power is divided between the national government and the state governments and in which independent states are bound together under one national government, whose power is supreme |
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| Seventeen specific powers granted to Congress under Article I, section 8, of the Constitution |
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| Necessary and proper clause |
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| The final paragraph of Article I, section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress teh authority to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution; also called the elastic clause. |
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| Powers derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause. These powers are not stated specifically but are considered to be reasonably implied through the exercise of delegated powers |
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| The first ten amendments to the US constitution which largely guarantees specific rights and liberties |
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