Term
|
Definition
| A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that people are free and equal by God-given right and that this in turn requires that all people give their consent to be governed; espoused by John Locke and influential in the writing of the Declaration of Independence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of government in which power is vested in hierarchy kings and queens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of government in which the right to participate is always conditional on the possesion of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of government in which control is based on rule of the highest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of government in which control is based on rule of the highest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through their elected reps. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of government in which members of the policy decisions and then agree to abide by majority rule. |
|
|
Term
| indirect (representative) democracy |
|
Definition
| A system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote for representatives will work on their behalf. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A government rooted in consent of the governed ; a representative or indirect democracy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the economic system in which the "invisible hand: of the market regualtes prices, wages, product mix, and so on. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The economic system that favors private control of business and minimal government regulation of private industry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system that binds trade and its administration to the national government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An economic system that advocates for collective ownership and control of the means of production. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An economic system in which workers own the means of production and the control the distribution of resources. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An economic system in which the government has total control over the economy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The idea that governments must draw their powers from the consent of the governed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The right of the majority to govern themselves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The central premise of direct democracy in which only policies that collectively garner the support of a majority of voters will be made into law. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A key characteristic of US democracy. Initally meaning freedom from governmental interference, today it includes demands for freedom to engage in a variety of practices free from governmental discrimination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nd its various parts, and attitudes toward the role of self in system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one thought to believe that government is best that governs the least and that big government can only infringe on individual, personal, and economic rights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One considered to favor extensive governmental involvement in the economy and the provision of social services amd to take an activist role in protecting the rights of women, the elderly, minorities, and the environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An individual's coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One who favors a free market economy and no governmental interference in personal liberties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which policy decisions are made. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meeting of Represenatatives of nine of the thirteen colonies held in New York City in 1765, during which representatives drafted a document to send to the king listing how their rights had been violated. |
|
|
Term
| Committee of Correspondence |
|
Definition
| Organizations in each of the American colonies abreast of developments with the British; served as powerful molders of public opinion against the Brittish. |
|
|
Term
| First Constitutional Congress |
|
Definition
| Meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in which 56 delegates (from every colony except Georgia) adopted a resolution that opposed the coercive acts. |
|
|
Term
| Second Continental Congress |
|
Definition
| Meeting that coveneded in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, at which it was denied that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief. |
|
|
Term
| Declaration of Independence |
|
Definition
| Document Drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of governement in which the national government derives its power from the states; a league of independent states. |
|
|
Term
| Articles of Confederation |
|
Definition
| The compact among the 13 original colonies that was the basis of their government. written in 1776, ratified in 1781. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A 1786 rebellion in which an army of 1,500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shay marched to Springfield Mass and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortages of their farms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first general plan for the Constitution, proposedt by James Madison, Its key points were a bicarmeral legislature, and a judciary also named by the legislation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states; its key points were a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a multiperson "excuetive" the gress as the "supreme law" of the land, and a suprem judiciary with limited power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A decision made during the Philadelphia Convention to give each state the same number of represenatives in the Senate regardless of size; representation in the House was determined by population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that each slave was to be counted as 3/5 of a person for purposes of determining population for representatives in the US House of Reps. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A way of dividing power among three branches of government in which members of the House of Reps, members of the senate, the president, and the federal courts are selected by and responsible to different constitencies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A governmental structure that gives each of the 3 branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plans of the government created in the Us Constitution in which powers are divided between the national government and the state government and in which independent states are bound togetherunder one national government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seventeen specific powers granted to Congress under the Article I, section 8, of the Us constitution, these powers include taxation, coinage of money, regualation of commerce, and the authority to provide for national defense. |
|
|
Term
| necessary and proper clause |
|
Definition
| Found in the final paragraph of Article I, section 8, of the US Constitution, it gives Congress the authority to pass all the laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers in the constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Powers given to the national government through the interference from enumerated powers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The law of the national government stands above any state law or state constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Those who favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed constitution; later became the first US political party. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Those who favored a stronger state government, and opposed the ratification of the constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a series of 85 political papers written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison in support of ratification of the US constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first 10 amendments to the constitution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The philosophy that describes the governmental system created by the Framers; see also federal system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A power derived from an enumerated power and the necessary and proper clause. These powers are not stated specicfically but are not considered to be reasonbly implied through the excersise of delegated powers. |
|
|
Term
| reserve (or police) powers |
|
Definition
| Powers reserved to the states by the 10th amendment that lie at the foundation of a state's right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Powers shared by the national government and the state governments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Laws passed after the fact, thereby making previously legal activity illegal and subject to current penalty; prohibited by the US constitution. |
|
|
Term
| McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 |
|
Definition
| The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the bank. The Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Court upheld broad congressional power over interstate commerce. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term used to characterize the relationship between the national and state governments that began with the new deal/ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Grant for which Congress appropriately funds for a specific purpose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Broad grant with few strings attached are given to states by the federal government for specified activities, such as secondary education or health services. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pressure group of groups that are created when states and local government hire lobbyists to lobby the national government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A concept derived from the Constitution's supremacy clause that allows the national government to override or preempt state or local actions in certain areas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Campaign pledge signed by most republican candidates in 1994 to guide their legislation agendas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National laws that direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules or regulations (such as clean air or water standards)under threat of civil or criminal penalties or as a condition of receipt of any federal grants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The right of a state to be free of lawsuit unless it gives permission to the suit. Under the 11th amendment, all states are considered sovereign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The personal rights and freedoms that the federal governments cannot abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clauses contained in the 5th and 14th amendment. Over the years, it has been constured to guarantee to individuals a variety of rights ranging from economic liberty to criminal procedural rights to protection from arbitrary governmental action |
|
|
