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| the ability of one person to get another person to act in accordance with the first person's intentions |
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| political authority conferred by law, public opinion, or constitution |
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| a term used to describe a political system in which the people are said to rule |
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| direct (participatory) democracy |
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| a political system in which all or most citizens participate directly by either holding office or making policy. The town meeting, in which citizens vote on major issues, is an example. |
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| a political system in which leaders and representatives acquire political power by means of a competitive struggle for the people's vote. This is the form of government used by nations that are called democratic |
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| an identifiable group of persons who possess a disproportionate share of some valued resource--such as money or political power |
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| people who believe that those who control the econonmic system also control the political one |
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| the appointes officials who operate government agencies from day to day |
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| a theory that competition among all affected interests shapes public policy |
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| based on nature and Providence rather than on the preferences of people |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| a constitution drafted by the newly independent states in 1777 and ratified in 1781. It created a weak national government that could not levy taxes or regulate commerce. In 1789 it was replaced by our current Constitution in order to create a stronger national government. |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| a meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise teh articles of confederation, which produced a totally new constitution still in use today |
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| a rebellion in 1787 led by Daniel Shays and other ex- Revolutionary War soldiers and officers to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes. The revelot highlighted the weaknesses of the Confederation and bolstered support for a stronger national government |
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| a compromise at the Constitutional Convetion in 1787 that reconciled the interests of small and large states by allowing the former to predominate in the Senate and the latter in the House. Under the agreement each state received two reps in the Senate, regardless of size, but was allotted reps on the basis of population in the House |
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| a form of democracy in which power is vested in reps selected by means of popular competitive elections |
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| the power of the courts to declare acts of the legislature and of the executive to be unconstitutional and hence null and void |
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| the power of the legislature, executive, and judicial branches of government to block some acts by the other two branches |
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| a political system in which ultimate authority is shared between a central government and state or regional governments |
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| a principle of American government whereby constitutional authority is shared by three separate branches of government--the legislative, the executive, and teh judicial |
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| according to James Madison, a group of people who seek to influence public policy in ways contrary to the public good |
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| supporters of a stronger central government who advocated ratification of the Constitution. After ratification, they founded a political party supporting a strong executive and Alexander Hamilton's economic policies |
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| opponents of a strong central governemtn who campaigned against ratification of the Constition in favor of a confederation of largely independent states. They successfully marshaled public support for a federal bill of rights. After ratification, they formed a political party to support states' rights. |
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| a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, james Madison, and John Jay (all using the name "Publius") that were published in New York to adopt the newly proposed Constitution. They are classics of American constitutional and political thought |
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| an alliance among different interest groups (factions) or parties to achieve some political goal. An example is the __________ sometimes formed between Republicans and conservative Democrats |
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| a court order directing a police officer, sheriff, or warden who has a person in custody to bring the prisoner before a judge and show sufficient cause for his or her detention. Designed to prevent illegal arrests and imprisonments. |
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| a law that declares a person, without a trial, to be guilty of a crime. The state legislatures and Congress are forbidden to pass such acts by Article I of the Constitution |
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| a law that makes criminal an act that was legal when it was committed, that increases the penalty for a crime after it has been committed, or that changes the rules of evidence to make conviction easier; a retroactive criminal law. The state legislatures and Congress are forbidden to pass such laws. |
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| a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press. |
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| Changes in, or additions to, the US Constitution. Amendments are propsed by a 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress or by a convention called by Congres at the request of 2/3 of the state legislatures and ratified by approval of 3/4 of the states |
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| the power of an executive to veto some provisions in an approprations bill while approving others. The president does not have the right to exercise a ___________ and must approve or reject an entire appropriations bill |
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