Term
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Definition
| a governmental system in which authority is divided between two sovereign levels of government: national and regional |
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| the ultimate authority to govern within a certain geographical area |
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| a governmental system in which sovereignty is vested entirely in subnational (state) governments |
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Term
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| a governmental system in which the national government alone has sovereign authority |
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Term
| enumerated/expessed powers |
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Definition
| the seventeen powers granted to the national government under article 1, section 8 of the constitution. these powers include taxation and the regulation of commerce as well as the authority to provide for the national defense |
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Definition
| article 4 of the constitution, which makes national law supreme over state law when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits |
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Term
| "necessary and proper" (elastic) clause |
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Definition
| the authority granted to congress in article 1, section 8 of the constitution "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper" for the implementation of its enumerated powers |
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Term
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Definition
| the federal government's constitutional authority (through the "necessary and proper" clause) to take action that is not expressly authorized by the Constitution but that supports actions that are so authorized |
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| the powers granted to the states under the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution |
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Definition
| a doctrine based on the idea that a precise separation of national and state power is both possible and desirable |
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| the clause of the Constitution (article 1 section 8) that empowers the federal government to regulate commerce among the states and with other nations |
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| the situation in which the national, state, and local levels work together to solve problems |
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| a term that refers to the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through states and localities |
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Term
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Definition
| federal cash payments to states and localities for programs they administer |
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Term
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Definition
| federal grants-in-aid to states and localities that can be used only for designated projects |
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Term
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Definition
| federal grants-in-aid that permit state and local officials to decide how the money will be spent within a general area, such as education or health |
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Term
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Definition
| the passing down of authority from the national government to state and local governments |
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