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AP Euro History January Quest 1
Terms/Facts
149
Other
11th Grade
01/08/2011

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Term
Liberalism
Definition

         emphasis on the rights and liberties that individuals should possess in every well ordered, modern society; set a high value on representative government, laissez-faire, frowned upon established churches and landed aristocracies, accepted universal male suffrage (Libertarian) (Right); persons of the business and professional classes

Term
Radicalism
Definition
went to the root of things, waved aside all arguments based on history, usage, or custom, desired total reform of laws, courts, prisons, poor relief, municipal organization, rotten boroughs, and clergy, democratic above all (vote for all adult Englishmen) (left)
Term
Socialism
Definition
thought it was improper for owners to have so much economic power, disliked competition as a governing principle,  questioned the value of private enterprise, favoring some degree of communal ownership of productive assets--banks, factories, machines, land, and transportation, rejected laissez faire of liberals, social and economic equality (left)
Term
Conservatism
Definition

·         upheld institutions of absolute monarchy, aristocracy, and church and opposed the constitutional and representative government sought by liberals, institutions change by gradual adaptations  and that no people could suddenly realize in the present any freedoms not already well prepared for in the past   (right)

Term
Individualism
Definition
a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence
Term
Constitutionalism
Definition

         complex of ideas, attitudes, and patterns of behavior elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from and is limited by a body of fundamental law  (right)

Term
Humanitarianism
Definition

      a heightened sense of the reality of cruelty inflicted upon others, torture gone, conditions in prisons, hospitals, insane asylums, and orphanages improved, people became more concerned about the misery of pauper children, chimney sweeps, women in mines, black slaves, degradation of human beings considered foreign to true civilization (left)

Term
Feminism
Definition
sought to expand the rights of women in both public and private life, argued rights of man existed for women, worked to secure new voting and civil rights, sought new political rights (egalitarian feminists), worked to reform the laws that regulated family life or to advance the rights of women in education, cultural life, and the economy (left)
Term
Monarchism
Definition
Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy as a form of government in a nation (right)
Term
Nationalism
Definition

     conception of national spirit, cultural nationalism, political nationalism, all persons of the same nationality/language should be in the same state, deliberate and conscious program for political action of peoples of the same nationality that were politically divided or subject to foreign rule (right)

Term
Communism
Definition

  collectivism in a classless society, abolishment of private ownership (left)

Term
Capitalism
Definition

     an economic system based on private ownership of capital, laissez-faire, Adam Smith, wealth of nations, invisible hand (right)

 

Term
Marxism
Definition

    human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism  (left)

Term
Romanticism
Definition

    theory of literature and the arts, love of the unclassifiable, saw expression of an inner genius, loved the mysterious,  celebrated idiosyncratic visions of creative individuals, rejected emphasis on classical rule, insisted on the value of feeling as well as reason (neither)

 

Term
Republicanism
Definition
desired revolutionary upheaval, favored parliamentary government, hated Catholic church, opposed monarch, not afraid to use force to overthrow existing regimes (right)
Term
Aims of Great Britain after the 1815 Congress of Vienna
Definition

Tory governing class hoped to preserve Old England that they had so valiantly saved from Bonaparte

Term
Aim of Metternich after Congress of Vienna
Definition

maintain a system in which the prestige of the Habsburg dynasty should be supreme

Term
Aim of Tsar (Alexander)
Definition
bring Christianity into politics
Term
Caused the victorious "moderate" powers to be repressive
Definition
Fear of another revolution
Term
White Terror
Definition

A revolt staged by Upper-class youths when Napoleon returned from Elba in 1815.  They murdered Bonapartists and republicans; Catholic mobs seized and killed Protestants

Term
1820 event
Definition

a fanatical workingman assassinated the king's nephew, the Duke de Berry (part of the Counter Revolution)

Term
Event of 1824
Definition

Louis XVIII die and was succeeded by his brother Charles X who was also known as the Count of Artois ; leader of the counterrevolution during the FR (one of the first to emigrate in 1789); stamped out revolutionary republicanism, liberalism, and constitutionalism

Term
Louis XVI's Spouse
Definition
Marie Antoinette
Term
Duke de Berry also known as
Definition
Count of Artois (counter revolutionary during the French Revolution)
Term
Father of Duke de Berry
Definition
Charles X
Term
Brothers of Charles X
Definition
Louis XVI, Louis XVIII
Term
Louis XVI and Louis XVIII were related in this way
Definition
Brothers
Term
Was Russian rule in Poland successful
Definition
Ineffective, Alexander could not have anyone disagree with him and the Poles discovered that they could make little use of their freedoms provided by the Polish constitution
Term
How did Polish nationalism deter Polish Independence
Definition
Desire of nationalism led to secret societies intedned to overthrow Alexander
Term
Burschencshaft
Definition

A youth German nationalist movement intended to act on nationalistic desires; carried with them a democratic opposition to aristocrats, princes, and kings.

Term
Carlasbad Decrees
Definition
dissolved the Burschenschaft and the equally nationalistic gymnastic clubs; occurred at a conference of principal German states organized by Metternich as he regarded German nationalism as a threat to the favorable position of the Austrian Empire
Term
General rule of Germany in 1820s
Definition
repression of new or unsettling ideas
Term
Main Economic Concern in early 1800's GB
Definition
Inrush of imports would lead to collapse of farm prices and rentals
Term
 Corn Law
Definition

raising the protective tariff to the point where import of grain became impossible unless prices were high; landlords thrived, wage workers were crushed and called for reform

Term
Agitations in GB between 1816-1819
Definition

Wages fell, many people out of work

            Riots and Demonstrations carried out (London, 1816; Manchester, 1819- 80,000 people)

 

Term
Six Acts of 1819
Definition

outlawed seditious and blasphemous literature, put a heavy stamp tax on newspapers, authorized the search of private houses for arms, and rigidly restricted the right of public meeting

 

Term
Those in Manchester in 1819 desired...
Definition
male suffrage, annual elections, repeal of corn laws
Term
Cato Street Conspiracy
Definition

a group of revolutionaries plotted to kill entire cabinets and were caught in Cato Street in London in 1820--thus the name "Cato Street Conspiracy"

Term
Cause of Richard Carlisle's imprisonment
Definition

spent seven years in prison for publishing works of Thomas Paine

Term
Flood
Definition
fear of revolutions
Term
Dike
Definition
policies to prevent revolution
Term
Cause of White Terror
Definition
Louis XVIII grants amensty to all regicides of 1793
Term
Chmaber of Deputies
Definition
part of white terror, counterrevolutionaries within government, more royalist than King
Term
What causes the white terror to increase
Definition
murder of Duke de Berry (Count of Artois)
Term
Murder of Duke de Berry intensifies what thought
Definition
all involved in FR were criminal extremists
Term
Succeeds Louis XVIII
Definition
Charles X/Count of Artois
Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
process of shifting from hand tools to power machinery
Term
Neolithic Revoltion
Definition
first agricultural revolution
Term
Capital
Definition
wealth used to produce more wealth (not for consumption)
Term
Enclosure Acts
Definition
passed by landowners authorizing the enclosure by fences, walls, or hedges, of the old common lands and unfenced open fields
Term
Mills
Definition
name that Americans would use for factories
Term
Boulton and Watt
Definition
expanded on Newcomen's steam engine for British use and export trade
Term
George Stephenson's Rocket
Definition
first fully satisfactory locomotive
Term
trademark of the early phase of the industrial revolution
Definition
textiles
Term
first and most famous of industrial cities in England
Definition
Manchester
Term
Cotton Lords
Definition
factory owners, first industrial capitalists
Term
Factory Act
Definition
act purported to regulate the conditions in which pauper children were employed in the textile mills; dead letter from the start because it provided no body of factory inspectors
Term
Laissez Faire
Definition
let the people be
Term
Iron Law of Wages
Definition
people should not expect to make more than a bare minimum living; if they make more than what is the bare minimum they will have more chldren who eat up the excess and thus they will reduce themselves and thus reduce the working class in general
Term
Dismal Science
Definition
name given to the teaching of Political economy in Manchester
Term
Two revolutions taking place in the thirty years prior to 1815 in the Western World
Definition
French Revolution plus Economic Revolution(eco rev in Eng)
Term
Two biggest changes ever experience by human kind
Definition
Industrial Revolution and Neolithic
Term
When and where did industrial revolution begin
Definition
England, 1780
Term
What caused industrial revolution in England to occur
Definition
asendancy of the landowning class in parliament, inventions in the textile industry, established wealth
Term
Why was status of skilled workers degraded as a result of industrial revolution
Definition
Factories only required unskilled labor
Term
Difficulties of rapid urbanization
Definition
Urban organizations had no legal existence, no proper officials, no adequate tax raising and lawmaking powers, heavy pollution, lack of police, firefighters, sanitation
Term
Population increase
Definition
10 mil to 30 mil
Term
"Have-nots"
Definition
poor, over-worked, destitute
Term
Causes of pollution
Definition
lack of sanitation, condensed population
Term
life of a city worker
Definition
14 hour days, horrible conditions, bargained alone, little leisure time
Term
The "Haves"
Definition
bourgeois, luxuries of revolution
Term
Figures of Nationalism
Definition
Manzzini, Grimm Brothers, Leopold, Van Ranke, Herder
Term
Literature of Nationalism
Definition
Fairy tales, Latin and Teutonic Peoples, Volkgeist
Term
Impact of Nationalism
Definition
Unified Germany and Italy
Term
Cultural Nationalism
Definition
people had a language, history, world view, culture of its own
Term
Politcal Nationalism
Definition
ensure liberty and justice
Term
Romanticism was a response to what
Definition
Englightment
Term
Romanticism Figures
Definition
William Wodsworth, Percy and Mary Shelley, Lord Byron, Victory Hugo
Term
Impact of Romanticism
Definition
Brought interest to medieval arts
Term
Radicalists
Definition
Thomas Paine, Bentham
Term
Impact of Radicalism
Definition
Checks and Balances, Reform of Government
Term
Eastern European Nationalism originated with...
Definition
Polish people, Maygars
Term
Goal of EE nationalism
Definition
reestablish culture
Term
This revival associated with EE Nationalism
Definition
Slavic
Term
Liberalism : enligthened or not
Definition
enlightened
Term
Where W.E Nationalism originated
Definition
Spain, Napoleons opponents
Term
Goals of WE nationalism
Definition
progress of science, humanity
Term
Example of Gothic Revival building (there was two mentioned, i can only remember one)
Definition
Parliament buildings
Term
German word that describes romantic nationalistic character or spirit of a nation of people
Definition
Volkgeist
Term
What did Hegel believe would bring about German state
Definition
German disunification (thesis) would bring belief in the opposite notion of unification (antithesis) and that the clash of these two beliefs would bring about a German State
Term
Ism that supported  institution of monarchy, aristocracy, church
Definition
Conservatism
Term
Liberal of this early 19th century supported this type of economy, this type of government
Definition
Laissez-Faire, Constitutional Monarchy
Term
Two leftist political isms had little difference other than geography
Definition
Radicalism, Republicanism
Term
English sage who the radicals followed
Definition
Jeremy Bentham
Term
Schools of dismal science that Malthus and Ricardo
Definition
Manchester School
Term
Socialist and cotton lord that established an experimental colony in Indiana that failed after five years
Definition
Robert Owen
Term
Feminists drew from the writings of female enlightment philosophe ...
Definition
Mary Wollstonecraft
Term
French feminists concentrated on....
Definition
Social, cultural, legal rights
Term
Two male feminists
Definition
Robert Owen + William Thompson
Term
1831 secret society established in Italy
Definition
Young Italy (Manzzini)
Term
This defines a nationality
Definition
Language
Term
Order from left to right of political ideologies
Definition

Left- Socialism, Republicanism, Radicalism,

 

 

Right- Liberalism, Conservatism

Term
Metternich ideology
Definition
Conservative
Term
Bentham ideology
Definition
Radical
Term
Fourier ideology
Definition
Socialist
Term
John Stuart Mill ideology
Definition
liberal
Term
Ideology of aging french revolutionaries
Definition
Republican
Term
Why were emigres given 30 mil franc a year
Definition
For property confiscated during the French Revolution
Term
Catholic clergy took over these systems in France
Definition
Education
Term
This penalty was given to those who committed sacrilege against the Church
Definition
Death
Term
These bankers procure a vote of No Confidence in the Govt
Definition
Laffitte and Cosimier
Term
Who is associated with the July Oridinances
Definition
Charles X
Term
Describe the July Ordinances
Definition
Dissolved newly elected chamber, censorship of press, reduce the voting powers of bankers, merchants, industrialists, old aristocracy, election on new basis
Term
Did Charles X abdicate throne
Definition
Yes
Term
What did the Liberals (bankers, industrialists, journalists) desire
Definition
Constitutional Monarchy
Term
What was the response to the July Ordinances called?
Definition
July Revolution
Term
Who came to the rescue 
Definition
Lafayette
Term
Who did Lafayette produce
Definition
Duke of Orleans (aka Louis Philippe)
Term
Until what year did Louis Philippe Reign
Definition
1848
Term
July Monarchy wanted no more absolutism : true or false
Definition
true
Term
July Monarchy wanted a restricted voting base: true or false
Definition
False- they  wanted a broader voting base
Term
What country did Belgium join as a buffer state to France
Definition
Netherlands
Term
Belgians protest for local self rule and independence from who
Definition
Dutch King
Term
What caused Polish revolution in January of 1830
Definition
Did not approve of Russian troops suppressing their freedoms
Term
Result of Polish Revolution
Definition
Merged into Russian Empire
Term
Who was the Tory Regime under
Definition
George Canning and Robert Peel
Term
Who and what were Canning and Peel sensitive towards
Definition
British business and liberal doctrine of free trade
Term
What did Canning and Peel reduce
Definition
Tariffs
Term
What did they undermine
Definition
Legal position of the church of England
Term
Repealed old laws concerning what
Definition
Forbidding dissenting protestants to hold public office
Term
Professional police force called Bobbies after who
Definition
Robert Peel
Term
2 things Peel and Canning could not do
Definition
Question corn laws, reform house of commons
Term
Why could they not reform the aforementioned things
Definition
???
Term
Aristocratic Whigs were formerly __ and became __
Definition
radical industrialists, liberal party
Term
Main body of Tories were formerly __ and became
Definition
Old whigs (former radicals), conservative party (landowners)
Term
Which group became champions of the worker class
Definition
Tories
Term
Group opposed to the corn law
Definition
anti-corn law league of 1838 (whig-radical-liberal group)
Term
Who did the corn law debate present as opponents
Definition
Industrial + Working Class v. Aristocracy + Landowners
Term
What do corn laws being repeal represent
Definition
Symbol of change
Term
English landscape artists who painted Mrs. and Mr. Andrews
Definition
Thomas Gainsborough
Term
Art era characterized by fanciful, but graceful asymmetric orientation in art  (marked by playfulness, fantasy, unrealistic, light-hearted) 
Definition
Rococo
Term
Rococo Artist
Definition
Jean-Antoine-Watteau
Term
Romantic, believed in age of progress, dramatic, violence
Definition
JMW Turner
Term
Revolutionary Zeal, drew death of Marat
Definition
Jacques Louis Davide
Term

Maria Loiusa, human suffering

Definition
Francisco Goya
Term
Eugene Delacroix 
Definition
????
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