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| repetition of a word or phrase that ends one clause at the beginning of the next |
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| the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or lines |
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| repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of successive clauses |
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| opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction |
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| having to do with the god Apollo, with ideas associated with Apollo—justice, balance, rules, order, life, consciousness—or with symbols of Apollo—the sun, light, etc. |
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| addressing speech to something insensate |
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| a brief speech that excludes at least one character from hearing |
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| the use of similar vowel sounds repeated in successive or proximate words containing different consonants |
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| lack of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words |
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| four lines of alternating iambic tetrameter and iambic trimester |
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| unrhymed iambic pentameter |
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| a pause, metrical or rhetorical, occurring somewhere in a line of poetry |
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| a crossing parallelism, where the second part of a grammatical construction is balanced or paralleled by the first part, only in reverse order |
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| use of slang or informal language—includes regional dialect |
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| an extended and elaborated comparison |
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| repetition with only one or two words between each repeated phrase |
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| having to do with the god Dionysus, with ideas associated with Dionysus—chaos, celebration, drunkenness, sexuality, discord, death, the subconscious—or with symbols of Dionysus—the ocean, etc. |
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| the irony felt when the audience is aware of important information that a character is not aware of |
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| writing that departs from the narrative or dramatic mode and instructs the reader how to think or feel about the events of a story or behavior of a character |
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| a poem eulogizing the dead |
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| a line that has a natural pause at the end (period, comma, etc.) |
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| the running over of a sentence or thought into the next couplet or line without a pause at the end of the line; a run-on line |
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| a brief verse or statement that is clever in its concise and witty use of words |
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| an adjective or adjective phrase appropriately qualifying a subject (noun) by naming a key or important characteristic of the subject, as in “laughing happiness,” “sneering contempt,” “untroubled sleep,” “peaceful dawn,” and “life-giving water.” |
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| repetition of words in immediate succession, for vehemence or emphasis |
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| a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept |
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| words whose spellings would lead one to think that they rhymed (slough, tough, cough, bough, etc) |
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| poetry that has no pattern of rhyme or rhythm |
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| irregular, extravagant, and fantastic in form |
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| two lines of rhyming iambic pentameter |
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| pure or serious comedy that appeals to the intellect and arouses thoughtful laughter |
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| exaggeration for emphasis or for rhetorical effect |
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| language that appeals vividly to the senses |
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| surprising contrast occurring through situation, image, allusion, character, diction, anachronism, etc. |
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| a character’s actual thoughts, rather than a summary of these thoughts, given as they happen, not altered to suit the needs of a reader or the tense of the narrative |
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| rhyme within a line of poetry |
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| harsh, abusive language directed against a person or cause |
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| something contrary to what is expected and yet having a peculiar kind of fitness |
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| positioning of two elements next to one another in order to make a point |
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| a form of understatement in which a thing is affirmed by stating the negative of its opposite |
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| prose that is particularly poetic, musical, and expressive |
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| an inappropriateness of speech resulting from the use of one word for another which resembles it |
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| a figurative device that uses a closely associated object, etc., to stand in for the person or thing that is the real subject |
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| a long speech by one character that has an intended audience |
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| a repeated pattern (of symbols, images, etc.) found in a piece of literature; more individual to an author or a particular work than the archetype, which is culturally determined |
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| techniques that can be used to create a desired “sound” to a passage of language, such as alliteration, onomatopoeia, repetition, rhyme and rhythm |
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| inference or conclusion that does not follow from the premise or evidence |
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| a set or stanza of eight lines generally rhymed abbaabba |
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| words that mimic the sounds of the objects they name |
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| a group of apparently contradictory terms suggesting a paradox |
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| a statement or situation that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity |
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| a repeated pattern of syntax |
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| surprise or unexpected ending of a phrase or series |
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| use of similar sounding words; often etymological word-play |
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| the repetition of conjunctions in a series of coordinate words, phrases, or clauses |
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| a question meant to provoke thought and not meant to be answered |
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| verbal irony aimed at ridiculing a specific target |
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| a work intended to critique society, institutions, etc., through ridicule |
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| a change in structure, in tone, in narrative point of view, in mood or atmosphere, etc |
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| when the circumstances themselves are ironic |
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| a long speech by one character with no intended audience |
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| the order in which a piece is presented and any devices or features that reinforce or give meaning to this order |
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| the author's characteristic approach and use of language |
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| the use of the whole to represent one of its parts or the use of a part to represent the whole |
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| presentation of one sense in terms usually associated with another sense |
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| words that are the opposite of what is really meant |
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