repetition in the first part of a clause or sentence of a prominent word from the latter part of the preceding clause or sentence

ex. "Our doubt is our passion, and our passion is our task."

-Henry James, "The Middle Years"

repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses, clauses, or sentences

ex. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness..."

-Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities

repetition of words, in successive clause, in reverse grammatical order

ex. "We didn't land on Plymouth Rock; Plymouth Rock landed on us."

-Malcolm X

the contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences

ex. "Love is and ideal thing, marriage a real thing."

-Goethe

a noun or noun phrase is placed next to another that explains it

ex. "Miniver Cheevy, child of scorn, grew lean while he assailed the seasons."

-E.A. Robinson, "Miniver Cheevy"

the omission of conunctions

ex. "He was a bag of bones, a floppy doll, a broken stick, a maniac."

-Jack Kerouac, On the Road

a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases

ex. "You forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget."

- Cormac McCarthy, The Road

an emphasis on the high point or culmination of an experience or series of events

the omission of one or more words which must be supplied by the listener or reader

ex. "If youth knew; if age could."

-Henri Estienne

repetition at the end of a clause or sentence of the word or phrase with which it began with

ex. "Mankind must put an end to war--or war will put an end to mankind."

-President John Kennedy

the repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses

ex. "What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny compared to what lies within us."

-Emerson

obvious and intentional exaggeration

ex. "The bag weighed a ton."

successive clauses or sentences of approximately equal length and corresponding structure

ex. "Climate is what we expect; whether is what we get."

-Mark Twain

similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses 

ex. "I don't want to live on in my work.  I want to live on in my apartment."

-Woody Allen

the insertion of some verbal unit that interrupts the normal syntactic flow of the sentence

ex. "My very photogenic mother died in a freak accident (picnic, lightning) when I was three."

-Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita

the repetition of words from the same root but with different endings

ex. "Love is an irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired."

-Robert Frost

a sentence style that employs mant coordinating conunctions 

ex. We lived and laughed and loved and left.

a question asked merely for effect with no answer expected

ex. Isn't this great?

a sentence in the form of a statement

ex. I'm going to make him an offer he can't refuse.

a sentence that asks a question

ex. Do I have your loyalty?

a sentence that gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command

ex. "Leave the gun.  Take the cannoli."

-Clemenza, The Godfather

a sentence that expresses strong feelings by making an exclamation

ex. I love English!

a sentence with only one independent clause

ex. "You can't handle the truth!"

-Colonel Jessup, A Few Good Men 

a sentence that contains at least two independent sentences

ex. "They may take our lives, but they will never take our freedom."

-Braveheart

a sentence with an independent clause and a dependent clause

ex. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher his last page." 

a sentence made of two or more independent clauses and a dependent clause

ex. Although I like to go camping, I haven't had time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with.

a long sentence that contains the "point" of the sentence at the end

ex. "To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men, that is genius."

-Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Self-Reliance"

an independent clause followed by a series of subordinate constructions

a group of words with a verb and a subject, but they cannot stand alone as a sentence

ex. Although I have good grades

a group of words made up of a subject and a predicate

ex.  I have good grades. 

the examination of the interactions between a text, an author, and an audience

ex. AP English

a brief overview of a text

ex. That's bad in AP 

the study of the rules that govern the ways in which words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences

the formation of mental images, figures, or likenesses of things 

ex. The smell of the campfire followed us all the way home.

speech or writing that departs from the literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect