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Definition
| An argument that uses an unfair appeal to the audience's emotions. |
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| When one predicts a often dire consequence (sometimes unrealistics) to get someone to agree with them, or threatens them. |
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| When one has a refutable argument (easy to be proven false) that misrepresents the oppenent's argument to defeat them. |
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| When one gives a half truth, it partially correct, but hides the entire truth. |
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Non Sequitur (Latin "It doesn't follow") |
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| When a statement doesn't logically relate to what was said before it. An important logical step may be missing in the claim. |
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| When one encourages an audience to do something because everyone else is doing it. |
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| When one restates their claim in a different way, making a circular argument. |
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| When one only shows one side of an issue, distorting the issue. |
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Using Authority Instead of Evidence |
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| When someone uses their own power, personal authority, instead of proof. |
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| When someone creates an unnecessary desire (need) for something. |
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| When someone uses their character or authority that may not even fully qualify to make an audience agree with them. |
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Term
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| When a writer puts an issue into only 2 possible choices. |
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Definition
| When one attacks somene's character rather than their reasoning. |
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| A fallacy that uses emotion to distract the audience from the facts. |
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Definition
| A misleading, inappropriate, or inaccurate comparison between 2 or more things. |
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| When one judges someone's character into question by who they are associated with. |
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| An arguemtn that doesn't allow 2 way exchange that creates a meaningufl conversation. They typically attempt to distract the reader with what the writer/speaker believes is an appealing reasoning. |
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| When one draws a conclusion from scanty evidence. |
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Faulty Causality (Or Post Hoc) |
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| When one confuses chronology with causation. (One event can happen without being caused by another prior to it.) |
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| An argument that claims that if one thing happens, it will lead to a typically disastrous event. |
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Term
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| A writer uses false reaso to advance thei character or authority, or uses their character or authority to their advantage. |
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Definition
| When a writer sues faulty logic to substantiate their claim. |
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| When one puts down a discussion by saying their beliefs are the only acceptable ones. |
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| When one compares minor problems with serious crimes, or visa versa. |
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Term
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Definition
| When one uses unrelated or misleading evidence to support their conclusion. |
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