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| The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. |
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| The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells"). |
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| A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. |
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| The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. |
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| The repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause. “Fear leads to anger; anger leads to hate; hate leads to suffering.” Yoda |
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| A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. |
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| One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences. "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times." |
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| A short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event. The term most frequently refers to an incident in the life of a person. |
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| The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP language exam occasionally asks for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences. |
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| A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. |
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| A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity. |
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| The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. |
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| A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent, or subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause. |
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| The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, colloquialisms give a work a conversational, familiar tone. |
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| A principle demanding that the parts of any composition be arranged so that the meaning of the whole may be immediately clear and intelligible. |
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A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy
between seemingly dissimilar objects. |
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| The nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. |
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