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AP comparative government vocab
gov terms
33
Political Studies
12th Grade
12/10/2012

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Term
Country
Definition
The state, government, regime, and people who live in a political system
Term
Institutions
Definition
The executive, legislature, judiciary, and bureaucracy... Parts of a government
Term
Politics
Definition
Who gets what. The process through which people are governed
Term
Political culture
Definition
The history, values, beliefs, and traditions that influence political behavior
Term
Legitimacy
Definition
Generally accepted view that a government has a right to rule.
Term
Traditional legitimacy
Definition
The right to rule because "it has always been that way"
Term
Charismatic legitimacy
Definition
The right to rule based on the personality of an individual
Term
Rational-legal legitimacy
Definition
The right to rule based on a widely accepted system of laws and procedures
Term
sovereignty
Definition
The ability to carry out actions independent of internal or external forces
Term
Revolution
Definition
The overthrow and replacement of a regime based upon broad popular support.
Term
Causation
Definition
When a change in one variable causes a change in another variable.
Term
Correlation
Definition
An apparent connection between variables
Term
Illiberal democracy
Definition
A procedural democracy, with elections, but without real competition and lacking some civil rights and liberties.
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
A system of government based on coercion.
Term
Marxism/Communism
Definition
The theory that in a struggle over resources, the elite will dominate. Eventually the proletariat will create a classless state.
Term
Corporatism
Definition
When groups such as business and/or labor work closely with the government in policy-making
Term
Cooptation
Definition
Granting special favors in exchange for a benefit. "Buying off" critics.
Term
Radical
Definition
Political extremes to the right or left
Term
Nationalism
Definition
Pride in one's people, and the belief that they have their own unique political destiny
Term
Proportional representation
Definition
Votes for parties, rather than candidates. Parties are represented in the legislature according to the percentage of votes received.
Term
First-past-the-post, SMD
Definition
Winner-take-all. Whoever wins the most votes gets the one seat available in an election
Term
Political economy
Definition
The relationship between political and economic systems
Term
Developed nations
Definition
Countries with a high standard of living and strong economies
Term
Developing nations
Definition
Countries attempting to improve their economic status. Currently with low average income and less sophisticated infrastructure. Might be described as "third world".
Term
Under-developed nations
Definition
The poorest countries. Bottom 12. Might be described as "fourth world".
Term
Neoliberal economics
Definition
Reforms that focus on the free market with few restrictions on business and property rights.
Term
GDP
Definition
The total value of goods and services produced in a country
Term
Per Capita GDP
Definition
The buying power of income in a country
Term
HDI
Definition
A measure of a country's standard of living, including health and education
Term
Gini index
Definition
A formula that measures economic inequality within a country
Term
Globalization
Definition
The process of expanding and intensifying the interconnectedness among states, societies, and economies
Term
Dependency theory
Definition
The belief that colonization leaves a legacy of poverty and poor governance
Term
Democratization
Definition
The transition from an authoritarian system to a liberal democracy
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