Term
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Definition
| unequal sharing or distribution of electrons due to the electronegatvivity difference between atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| head on overlap of atomic orbitals; single covalent bonds; holds the two atoms together |
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Term
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Definition
| side-on overlap of atomic orbitals; double and triple bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| a molecule that has a slightly positive and slightly negative end; also called a dipole |
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Term
| what are the two requirements for a polar molecule |
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Definition
| it must have polar covalent bonds and the bond polarities do not cancel simply due to the shape of the molecule |
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Term
| Which molecules are polar? |
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Definition
- all 2 atom molecules that contain polar covalent bonds
- bent molecules
- pyramidal molecules
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Term
Which molecules are non-polar? |
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Definition
- trigonal planar molecules that contain the same external atoms
- all tetrahedral molecules that contain the same external atoms
- linear molecules that contain 3 or more atoms and the external atoms are the same
- all diatomic molecules
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Term
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Definition
| charges assigned to atoms based on a set of rules used to determine the best lewis structures for molecules |
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Term
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Definition
when some atoms during a chemical reaction rearrange their valence electrons; the merging of two or more unlike orbitals to form an equal number of identical orbitals |
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Term
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Definition
| when there is more than one valid lewis dot structure for a molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| delocalized mobile electrons and positive nuclei formed between atoms of metallic elements; good conductor in all phases; very high melting and boiling points; pure metals |
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Term
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Definition
| valence shells that hold more than an octet of electrons |
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Term
valence shell electron pair repulsion (vsepr) |
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Definition
| pairs of electrons about a central atom will attempt to get as far apart from each other as possible |
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Term
Groups that can have hybridization |
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Definition
| group 2 (only Be); group 13; group 14 |
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Term
| what type of bonds require more energy to be broken |
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Definition
| ionic bonds require more energy rather than covalent |
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Term
| what bonds require the least amt of energy to be broken |
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Definition
| single covalent bonds require least amt of energy |
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Term
| what type of bond is the longest |
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Definition
| single bond because only sharing one pair of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| attraction between electrons of one atom to the nucleus of another atom |
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Term
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Definition
| diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that my exist in the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| unequal sharing or distribution of valence electrons, caused by en diff b/w atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| determines if molecule is polar or nonpolar based on its bond polarity and molecular geometry |
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Term
| which elements have the ability to form expanded octets |
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Definition
periods 3 and above and groups 15-18 |
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Term
| what is an expanded octet |
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Definition
when an atom accepts more than eight electrons in its valence shells |
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Term
| what does the dipole moment measure |
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Definition
| the polarity of the bond or the molecule; the greater the dipole moment, the greater the polarity of the molecule |
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Term
| how do atoms form expanded octets |
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Definition
| atoms form expanded octets when the central atom assumes that the empy 3d orbitals can be used to accomodate extra electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| a reaction of molecular compounds with water in the formation of ions; all acids and weak bases ionize |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical breaking apart of the ions from their compounds, unlike ionization |
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Term
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Definition
| acids that contain more than one ionizable ion |
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Term
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Definition
| the stoichiometric amount of product that can be formed in a reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount actually recovered in an experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| the ratio of the experimental yield to the theoretical yield expressed at a percent |
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Term
| limiting reactant and y is it important |
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Definition
| the substance in the reaction that is completely consumed ;determines the amount of product that can be formed |
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