Term
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Definition
-each element made of atoms
-atoms of same element same, different different
-each compound same full atom ratio
-atoms not created or destroyed |
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Term
| Atomic number vs. Mass number |
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Definition
| Z (protons) vs. A (nucleons-P+N) |
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Term
| quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms,) |
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Definition
n=size of orbital / energy of electron
l = 0-(n-1) = shape of orbital
ml = +l-> -l = orientation
ms = +/- 1/2 = spin |
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Term
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Definition
| atomic radius decreases, ionization energy increases, electronegativity increases, |
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Term
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Definition
| atomic radius increases, ionization energy decreases, electronegativity decreases |
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Term
| ionic vs. covelant vs. metallic |
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Definition
| one electron transfered vs. |
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Term
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Definition
-all n=1 and n=2 need to obey octet rule
-B needs only 3 bonds, Be needs only 2 bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| 2Blinear, 3Btrigonal planar, 2B1UBbent, 4Btetrahedral, 3B1UBtrigonal pyramidal, 2B2UB bent, 5Btrigonal bipyramidal, 4B1UBseesaw, 3B2UBTshaped, 2B3UBlinear, 6Boctahedral, 5B1UBsquare pyramidal 4B2UB square planar |
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Term
| hybridization (resonance, sigma vs pi) |
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Definition
| sigma normal, pi 2nd and 3rd (perpendicluar to sigma) |
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Term
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Definition
| 42He, weird l thing, paper |
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Term
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Definition
| 0-1e, weird B thing, clothing |
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Term
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Definition
| 00weird swoopy thing, led shields |
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Term
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Definition
| positron = 01 (antimatter), electron = 0-1e, neutron=10n, proton = 11H or 11P |
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Term
| nuclear half life (how to solve) |
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Definition
.693/K=T.5, ln(Nt/No)=-kt Nt=amount at time t, No=innitial amount, t=time
(first solve for K using half life, then solve for other variable) |
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Term
| gas laws (gay-lusac, avogadros, boyles, charles,) |
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Definition
| P/T = P/T, V/n = V/n, PV=PV, V/T=V/T |
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Term
| Gas Law Equation (not PVnRT) |
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Definition
| D=MP/RT (density = molar mass x pressure / r x temeprature) |
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Term
| Daltons law of partial pressures |
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Definition
| Pt = RT/V (ntotal), mole fraction x total pressure = partial pressure, (and total pressure = sum of partial pressures) |
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Term
| kinetic molecular theory (how it affects laws) |
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Definition
-volume and forces between them are negligable
-molecules move randomly
-perfectly elastic collisions |
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Term
| biggest derivation from ideal gas laws |
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Definition
| High pressure and low temperature, or greater size |
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Term
| Only thing that can change kinetic energy |
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Definition
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Term
| phase diagram (critical point, triple point,) |
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Definition
| temp which above vapor cannot liquify |
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Term
| change of states (s-->l, etc) |
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Definition
s<-->l
l<-->g
s<-->g sublimation / deposition |
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Term
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Definition
| E=kQ1Q2/r (Q size, R distance, Q more important) |
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Term
| mole fraction, molarity, molality, |
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Definition
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Term
| Raoult's law (how to use it) |
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Definition
| Pa=Xa x Pa (pressure = mole fraction x pressure of pure solvent) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-increase concentration move away
-increase pressure move to less moles of g
-increase temperature treat exo like product, vise versa
-inert gas no difference
- |
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Term
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Definition
| Kp=Kc(RT)^N(moles product - moles reactant) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| arrhenius deffinition vs BL deffinition |
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Definition
| acid = increase H+/OH-, BL acids donate and basses accept |
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Term
| Lewis acid vs. Lewis base |
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Definition
| electron pair acceptors(a) and donors(b) |
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Term
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Definition
| metal surrounded by ligands (lewis bases). Coordiation number = number of ligands attatched = double/opposite the charge of the cation |
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Term
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Definition
| can act as both an acid and a base |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Electrochemistry (galvanic, etc) things to remember |
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Definition
| cathode = reduction, anode = oxidation, Cathode + in galv and - in electrolytic, electrons from anode --> cathode, mass forms at cathode. |
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Term
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Definition
| amp x seconds = columbs, columbs x (1 mol e / 96500 columbs) x (1 mol cu / 2 mol e) x (xg/1 mol cu) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how to find rate if not held constant |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
0: At straight
1st : ln At straight (.693/k=T.5)
2nd : 1/At straight (1/K(At)=T.5) |
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Term
| rate determining step (how to calcualte Cl in fast) |
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Definition
| write equilibrium equation, then solve so wanted one is left in equation [CL2]=k[Cl]^.5 and thats the order |
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Term
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Definition
| doesn't depend on pathway |
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Term
| Calorimetry (bomb vs. coffee cup equations) |
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Definition
| deltaQ=cdeltaT (usually KJ) vs. deltaQ=mCdeltaT (joules, H2O=4.184) |
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Term
| boiling point vs. freezing poing equaitons (i) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| HSG -+-YAY, +-+NO, --LOW, ++HIGH |
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Term
| phase changes (plateu and slope equations) |
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Definition
plateau: mol x Hvap or fus (KJ)
slope: mass x t x cp |
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Term
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Definition
| Urms = sqroot(3RT/M), rate A / Rate B = Sqrt(Mb/Ma) = timeB/timeA |
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Term
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Definition
| MnO4- is purple, Mn2+ is light pink, Cr2O7-2 is orange, Cr3+ is green, I2 is purple, Br2 is brown/orange, Fe is yellow, Cr is yellow, |
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Term
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Definition
| NAACCIBRAS SOLUBLE (Nitrates, acetates, alkali, chlorates, chloride bromide iodide except HgAgPb, Ammonium, Sulfate BaPbAgHgCaSb |
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Term
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Definition
carbonate --> oxide + CO2
chlorate --> chloride + O2
peroxide --> oxide
hydroxide --> oxide + H2O |
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Term
| DC: random things to remember |
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Definition
nonmetallic --> acid
metallic --> base
acitve metal + H20 --> H2 + Base
Acid + Carbonate --> CO2 + the rest
heated = decomposed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| IMF affecting boiling/freezing |
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Definition
| HIGH BP = HIGH IMF = LOW FP |
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Term
| IMF affecting vapor pressure |
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Definition
| HIGH VP = LOW IMF = HIGH VOLAITY |
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Term
| equation for vapor pressures and temperatures |
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Definition
| lN (VP1/VP2) = HVAP(j) / 8.314 (1/T2-1/T1) |
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Term
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Definition
| HIGH SIZE = HIGH LDF = HIGH POLARIZABLILITY = HIGH SOLUBILITY |
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Term
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Definition
| ln (K1/K2) = Ea(j) /8.314 (1/T2-1/T1) |
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Term
| Transition metal charges (Lead, Copper, Nickel Tin, Iron) |
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Definition
| Pb 2 and 4, Cu 1 and 2, Ni 2 and 3, Tin 2 and 4, Iron 2 and 3 |
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Term
| Bicarbonate, bisulphate, cyanide, manganate, chromate, dichromate, thiosulfate. |
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Definition
| HCO3-, HSO4-, CN-, MnO3-,CrO4 2-, Cr2O72-, S2O32- |
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Term
| Aufbau, Pauli Exclusion, Hunds |
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Definition
| lowest first, no two electrons can have same 4, maximum number of unpaired electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| valence electrons - (unpaired electrons + number of bonds) |
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Term
| units of rate constant for 0, 1, 2, 3 |
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Definition
| m s-1, s -1, m-1 s-1, m-2 s -1 |
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Term
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Definition
| a large nucleus (U235) decays into smaller particles vs. a small nuclei fuses into larger particles |
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Term
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Definition
| HClO4, HClO3, HNO3, HCL, HBR, HI, H2SO4 |
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Term
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Definition
| SA+SB = neutral, SA+WB=acidic, WA+SB=basic, WA+WB=look at Ka or Kb |
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Term
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Definition
| negativeG=K>1, 0G=K=1, positiveG= K<1 |
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Term
| thermochemistry equations |
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Definition
| Gº=-RTln(K), G=Gº+RT(LnK), Gº=-NFEº, |
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Term
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Definition
| Ecell = EºCell - .0591/nF log(K) |
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Term
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Definition
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