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AP Chem Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
chap. 11 and 12
36
Chemistry
11th Grade
01/19/2012

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Term
phase
Definition
homogeneous part of the system in contact with other parts of the system but separated from them by a well-defined boundary
Term
intermolecular forces
Definition
attractive forces between molecules
Term
intramolecular forces
Definition
hold atoms together in a molecule
Term
dipole-dipole forces
Definition
attractive forces between polar molecules
Term
ion-dipole forces
Definition
attract an ion (cation or anion) and a polar molecule to each other
Term
polarizability
Definition
the ease with which the electron distribution in the atom can be distorted
Term
dispersion forces
Definition
attractive forces that arise as a result of temporary dipoles induced in atoms or molecules; usually increase with molar mass; nonpolar and polar
Term
hydrogen bond
Definition
dipole-dipole attraction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond; N-H, O-H, F-H
Term
surface tension
Definition
amount of energy required to stretch or increase the surface of a liquid by a unit area
Term
viscosity
Definition
measure of fluid's resistance to flow
Term
ionic solid
Definition
electrostatic attraction; hard, brittle, high melting point, poor conductor; NaCl, LiF, MgO, CaCO3
Term
covalent solid
Definition
covalent bond; hard, high melting point, poor conductor; C (diamond), SiO2 (quartz)
Term
molecular
Definition
dispersion, dipole dipole, hydrogen bond; soft, low melting point, poor conductor; Ar, CO2, I2, H2O, C12H22O11
Term
metallic
Definition
metallic bond; soft to hard, low to high melting point, good conductor of heat and electricity
Term
phase changes
Definition
go from one phase to another
Term
evaporation/vaporization
Definition
process in which liquid goes to a gas
Term
condensation
Definition
change from gas to liquid
Term
delta H of vaporization
Definition
energy required to vaporize 1 mole of a liquid
Term
boiling point
Definition
temperature of liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure
Term
sublimation
Definition
when a solid goes directly to a gas
Term
saturated solution
Definition
maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given solvent
Term
unsaturated
Definition
less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve
Term
supersaturated
Definition
contains more solute than is present in a saturated solution
Term
miscible
Definition
completely soluble in each other in all proportions
Term
percent by mass
Definition
= mass of solute/mass of solute + mass of solvent x 100%
Term
mole fraction (of A)
Definition
moles of A/moles of A + moles of B
Term
molality
Definition
moles of solute/mass of solvent (kg)
Term
Henry's law
Definition
solubility of gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution; c = kP
Term
nonvolatile
Definition
no measurable vapor pressure
Term
Raoult's law
Definition
P1 = X1P
Term
solubility and temp
Definition
solid: increase with temp; gas: decrease with temp
Term
boiling point elevation
Definition
boiling point of solution minus boiling point of pure solvent
Term
freezing point depression
Definition
freezing point of pure solvent minus freezing point of solution
Term
van't Hoff factor
Definition
i; HCl - H+ + Cl- so i = 2
Term
polar covalent
Definition
dipole-dipole and dispersion; h-bonds, mp and bp generally higher, vp generally lower
Term
nonpolar covalent
Definition
dispersion; mp and bp generally low, vp generally high
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