Term
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Definition
| Algae, Bryophytes (mosses), Pteridophytes (ferns), Gymnosperms, Angiosperms |
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Term
| What does this evolution mean? |
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Definition
| Seedless nonvascular (moss), Seedless Vascular (fern), Vascular, Fruit |
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Term
| Evolutionary adaptions of bryophytes |
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Definition
| Cuticle - prevents drying out to stay on land and Gametangia - protects gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonvascular plants: Hornworts, liverworts and mosses. |
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Term
| What prevents self fertilization in bisexual plants? |
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Definition
| The opposite parts are not mature at the same time. |
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Term
| What order evolved vascular tissue? What are the two types in plants? |
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Definition
| Tracheophytes evolved vascular tissue. The two types in plants are Xylem (water and minerals) and Phloem (sugar). |
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Term
| Pteridophytes evolved what? |
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Definition
| Sporophylls - bear sporangia |
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Term
| Seedless vascular plants pteridophytes and also |
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Definition
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Term
| Seeded plants classified based on chambers. List the two types. |
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Definition
| Gymnosperms - no chambers. Angiosperms - chambers (fruits). |
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Term
| Where are sporangia located on both of these types? |
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Definition
| Gymnosperms - scales of cones. Angiosperms - in fruit. |
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Term
| Angiosperm flower structure: |
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Definition
| Sepals (protection until blossoming), petals (attraction to pollinators), stamen (male part), carpel (female part). |
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Term
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Definition
| Carpel (1 or more is a pistil): Stigma - sticky area where pollen is received, Style - leads from stigma to ovary, Ovary - where ovule(s) contained |
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Term
| What is a seed and what does it develop? |
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Definition
| A fertilized ovule, it develops a fruit around it. |
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Term
| What is double fertilization? |
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Definition
Double fertilization: 2 sperm are discharged.
1 fertilizes the egg (embryo)
1 fertilizes the large central cell (has 2 nuclei) - becomes the triploid endosperm (nutrition for the growing embryo) |
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Term
| What are the root parts + functions? |
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Definition
Roots anchor vascular plants in the soil.
Taproot - one large root; gives rise to lateral roots
Fibrous roots - act like a mat
Root hairs increase surface area |
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Term
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Definition
| Nodes, and in between internodes. The two types of nodes are axillary, for branches, and apical, for upward growth. |
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Term
| What are the three types of tissue? |
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Definition
| Dermal, protects the plant. Vascular (stele) conducts water and nutrients. Ground is responsible for growth. |
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Term
| What type of meristems aid in thickening? Lengthening? |
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Definition
Apical meristems - tips and shoots; aids in growth in length (primary growth)
Lateral meristems - growth in thickness (secondary growth) |
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Term
| What allows for gas exchange in leaves? How is this regulated? |
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Definition
| Stomata are small openings in leaves that allow for gas exchange. They are opened and closed by guard cells. |
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Term
| What is alternation of generations? |
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Definition
| The reproductive cycle in plants. |
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Term
| Gametophytes are ___ and produce ___ gametes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diploid sporophytes release... |
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Definition
| Spores, which are haploid. Spores develop into haploid gametophytes. |
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Term
| Some gametophytes are bisexual, but... |
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Definition
| mosses have seperate sexes. |
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Term
| How does fertilization in mosses work? |
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Definition
| The antheridia (male) release sperm that swim through the water to the egg held by the archegonia (female). The now diploid zygote grows into a sporophyte that remains attached to the parent plant. Then the cycle begins again. |
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Term
| What is the dominant life stage in bryophytes vs others? |
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Definition
| Bryophytes is gametophyte. Sporophyte for most other plants (except algae). |
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Term
| Seedless plants have one type of spore, and thusly are... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Male organ and female organs are called, respecitvely: |
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Definition
| Microspore (pollen) and megaspore. |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 Pollen sacs, each has many microspore mother cells, producing microspores. Later gametophytes are produced from these microspores. |
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Term
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Definition
| begins with imbibition. Enough water must be taken in to break dormancy. The radicle, embryonic root, is the first to emerge, allowing the plant to take root. |
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