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Definition
| A single-celled organism, often walled, that does not have the organelles characteristic of eukaryotic cells. Only bacteria and archaeans are prokaryotic. |
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Definition
| A spherical prokaryotic cell. |
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Definition
| A rod-shaped prokaryotic cell. |
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| A spiral-shaped prokaryotic cell. |
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| A semirigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane; helps a cell retain its shape and resist rupturing. |
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| A microbiology diagnostic tool. Cells are exposed to purple dye, iodine, and alcohol wash, and then counterstain. Cell walls of Gram-positive species stay purple; Gram-negative species turn pink. |
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Definition
| Sticky meshlike capsule or slime layer around a prokaryotic cell wall. |
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Definition
| Motile structures that rotate like a propeller and do not have microtubules. |
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Definition
| Thin, filamentous proteins that project above the cell wall. Some help the cell adhere to surfaces. |
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Term
| Photoautrophic Prokaryotes |
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Definition
| Self-feeders that make their own food by photosynthesis |
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| Chemoautrophic Prokaryotes |
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Definition
| Self-feeding species that obtain energy by oxidizing organic or inorganic compounds. |
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Term
| Photoheterotrophic Prokaryotes |
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Definition
| Do not self-feed. Tap the sun's energy, but they must get carbon from organic compounds. |
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Term
| Chemoheterotrophic Prokaryotes |
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Definition
| Do not self-feed. Parasites that get nutrients from a living host. |
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Definition
| Increases in the number of cells in a prokaryotic species' population. |
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Definition
| A circularized, double-stranded DNA molecule that has a few proteins associated with it. |
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Definition
| Cell reproduction mechanism that starts when a prokaryotic cell replicates its DNA and is anchored to the plasma membrane. Proteins and lipids are added to the membrane and make it grow. The cytoplasm divides and result in two daughter cells. |
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Definition
| Small, self-replicating circle of DNA with a few genes. |
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| A mode of gene transfer that is possible when one of the cells has an F(fertility) plasmid. |
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Definition
| A type of organism which has differences that are too minor to classify it as a seperate species. |
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Definition
| A type of single-celled photoautotroph; the first to use a noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis, which slowly enriched the early atmosphere with oxygen. |
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| A group of Gram-negative bacteria; the most diverse monophyletic group of prokaryotic cells. |
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Definition
| A group of bacteria; all are intercellular parasites that cannot make ATP; they pilfer it from animal cells. |
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Definition
| A motile, parasitic or symbiotic bacterium that looks like a stretched spring. |
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Definition
| Informal name for mostly chemoheterotrophic bacteria that have a multilayered wall; not a monophyletic group. |
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Definition
| A resting structure enclosing a bit of cytoplam and the DNA; resists heat, irridation, drying, acids, disenfectants, and boiling water. It germinates when conditions favor growth and a bacterium emerges from it. |
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Definition
| Domain of prokaryotic species; one of two lineages that evolved shortly after life originated. |
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| Any bacterium or archaean that produces methane gas as by-product of anaerobic reactions. |
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Definition
| Bacterium or archaean adapted to an extremely salty habitat. |
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Definition
| Bacterium or archaean adapted to a hot aquatic habitat. |
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Definition
| A noncellular infectious agent of DNA or RNA, a protein coat and, in some types, an outer lipid envelope; it can be replicated only after its genetic material enters a host cell and subverts the host's metabolic machinery. |
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Definition
| One of a class of viruses that infects bacteria. |
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Definition
| A rapid viral replication pathway that ends with lysis of host cell. |
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Definition
| A latent period that extends many viral replication cycles. Viral genes are integrated into host chromosome and may remain inactivated through many host cell dicisions before being replicated. |
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Definition
| Invasion and multiplication of a pathogen or parasite in a host. Disease follows if defenses are not mobilized fast enough against the tissue disruptions. |
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Definition
| A condition that arises when the body's defenses cannot overcome infection and activities of the pathogen or parasite interfere with normal body functions. |
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Definition
| Rapid spread, then subsidence, of a disease within a population. |
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| An epidemic that breaks out in several countries at the same time. |
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Definition
| A type of protein particle normally in vertebrate nervous systems that turns infectious when its shape changes. |
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