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| cellular respiration {glucose} is what kind of redox reaction? |
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| remove hydrogen atoms including electrons from substrate (glucose) thereby oxidating it |
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| electron carrier. coenzyme |
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| loss of electrons from one substance (Leo the Lion) |
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| addition of electrons to another substance |
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| the electron acceptor (NAD+) |
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| strong electron pull. ie oxygen |
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| in prokaryotes, where is the electron transport chain found |
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| substrate level phosphorylation |
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| ATP synthesis that occurs when an enzyme (kinase) transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADPa |
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| inner folding in mitochondria that increase its surface area |
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| ubiquionone or Coenzyme Q |
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Definition
| the only molecule in the E>T>C which is not a protein |
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| electron carriers in the ETC with a prosthetic group called a heme group that accepts and donates electrons |
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| the enzyme that makes ATP from ADP and P |
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| energy coupling mechanism that creates ATP synthesis driven by the concentration of hydrogen ions storing energy across a membrane |
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| mitochondrial and choroplast intermembranes of eukarytic cellls and P.M of pros |
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| Turning of the ATP synthase rod... |
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Definition
| activates catalytic sites in the knob that produce ATP from ADP and P |
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Term
| where do the H+ ions concentrated in the intermembrane space from? |
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Definition
| exergonic flow f electrons from NADH and FADH2. pumped out from the electron transport chain complexes |
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| how does chemiosmosis create ATP? |
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Definition
| when the H proton goes down ATP synthase the proton motive force phosphorylates ADP froming ATP. |
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Definition
| the potential energy stored in gradient generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions |
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| _____use chemiosmosis to generate ATP during _______ |
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| chloroplasts ; photosynthesis |
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| glucose -> ____ -> electron transport chain ->____->ATP |
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| NADH ; proton motive force |
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| prokaryotic organisms; have ETC but do not use oxygen as final electron acceptor |
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| sulfate reducing marine bacteria |
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| produce hydrogen sulfide as by product of resoiration instead of H20 |
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| harvest chemical energy w.out use of oxygen OR ETC |
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| pyruvate converted to ethanol. release of c2o from pyruvate coverts it to acetaldehyde, which is then reduced by NADH to ethanol. this yields NAD which can be used again.Also works with yeast... |
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| pyruvate reduced by NADH to form lactate. used to make cheese and yogurt. human muscle cells use this to make ATP when oxygen is scarce |
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what is the reducing agent in the following reaction?
pyruvate+NADH+H ->Lactate + NAD |
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| the immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase? |
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| which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration |
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| in mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions |
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Definition
| provide the enrgy that establishes the proton gradient |
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| the final electron acceptor in ETC in aerobic respiration is |
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Definition
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| when electrons flow along the ETC which of the following changes occur |
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| cells do not catabolize CO2 because |
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Definition
| it is already fully oxidized |
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| which of the following is a true distinction between fermentation and cellular resp |
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Definition
| NADH is oxidized by the electron transport chain in respiration only |
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| most Co2 from catabolism is released during |
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| animals, plants, fungi, bacteria |
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