Term
| forming bonds between molecules. |
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Definition
| dehydration shynthesis/ anabolic reactions |
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Term
| breaking bonds between molecules |
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Definition
| hydrolisis/ catabolic reactions/ digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical reactions that release energy. ie digestion of polymers |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical reactions that require energy ie building polymers, dehydration synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| the energy needed to break down large molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce the amount of energy to start a reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| biological catalysts composed of protein and RNA that increase the rate of reaction without being consumed & reduce activation energy |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. affected by conditions 2. not consumed in reaction 3.reaction specific |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that breaks down proteins (polypeptides) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| substrate binding often causes enzymes to |
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Definition
| change shape to fit the enzyme tighter |
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Term
| Factors that affect enzyme function |
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Definition
| ph, temperature, substrate concentration, inhibitors,activators, salinity, enzyme concentration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| greatest number of molecular collisions; occurs during a body temp of 37 degrees |
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Term
| increased heat on enzymes |
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Definition
| disrupts bonds and denatures |
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Term
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Definition
| disrupt bonds, disrupts attractions between charged amino acids, affect 2nd and 3rdteiary structure, denatures. |
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Term
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Definition
| pH 6-8 but depends ie pH in stomach is 2-3 because so acidic |
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Term
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Definition
| adds or removes cations and anions, disrupts bonds, affects 2nd and 3rd structure denatures. enzymes r intolerent of extremes in salinity. think dead sea! |
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Term
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Definition
| inorganic compound bound within enzyme molecule. ie MG in chlorophyl and Fe in hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
| organic molecules that bind to enzyme enar active site |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that reduce enzyme activity |
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Term
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Definition
| competitive, non-competitive, feedback, irreversible. |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibitor and substrate compete for active site ie penicillin and disulfiram (antabuse) |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks enzyme bacteria used 2 build cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| treats chronic alcoholism by blocking enzyme that breaks down alcohol. |
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Term
| how are competitive inhibitors overcome? |
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Definition
| body over saturates solution w. substrates so they out compete inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
| irreversible inhibitor. stops production of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibitor permanently binds to enzyme. ie nerve gas, insecticide, etc. |
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Term
| allosteric regulator molecules |
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Definition
| inhibitors keep enzyme in inactive form, activators keep enzyme in active horm |
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Term
| why so many metabolic pathways? (the chain) |
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Definition
| better efficiency, better control and regulation |
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Term
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Definition
| final product in pathway is inhibitor of earlier step, so no unnecessary accumulation of products |
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Term
| during feedback inhibition... |
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Definition
| as product accumulates it collides with original enzyme to inhibit it more than substrate does |
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