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| Any mulicelled heterotroph that ingests other organisms or their tissues, develops through a series of embryonic stages, and is motile during part or all of the life cycle. Most species have epithelial tissues and extracellular matrixes. |
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| Animal tissue covering external and internal body surfaces. A key innovation that favored larger, more complex bodies; cells started interacting as functional units. |
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| Most abundant type of animal tissue. Soft connective tissues differ in the amounts and arrangements of fibroblasts, fibers, ground substance. Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone tissue, and blood are specialized types. |
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| First-formed, outer primary tissue layer of animal ambryos; gives rise to nervous tissues and outer layer of the integument. |
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| Inner primary tissue layer of animal embryos; source of the inner gut lining and organs derived from it. |
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| Primary tissue layers gives rise to many internal organs and part of the integument; pivotal in the evolution of large, complex animals. |
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| Slender extention from free surface of certain cells; arrays of many microvilli greatly increase the absorptive or secretory surface area of a cell. |
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| Single-celled eukaryote having a microvilli collar around a single flagellum at their anterior end. A sister taxon of animals and fungi. |
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| The body has a front-to-back axis, with an anterior or leading end and a posterior (trailing) end. |
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| Animal body plan with four or more roughly equivalent parts around an anterior-posterior axis. |
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| Body plan in which the main axis divides the body into two halves that are mirror images of one another. |
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| During the evolution of most kinds of animals, the increasin concentration of sensory structures and nerve cells at the anterior end of the body. |
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| A bilateral animal of branching lineage characterized partly by events in embryonic development, as when the first indentation to form on the early embryo's surface becomes a mouth. |
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| A bilateral animal of a lineage characterized in part by events of embryonic development, as when the second indentation to appear on the early embryo's surface becomes the mouth. |
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| Between the gut and body wall, a cavity lined with peritoneum. |
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| False coelom; a main body cavity incompletely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm. |
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| Of animal body parts, a series of units that may or may not be similar in appearance. Of tubular organs, an oscillating movement produced by rings of circular muscle in the tube wall. |
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| Structurally, the simplest existing animal. Its asymmetrical body has a spicule-reinforced matrix in two cell layers. Its phogocytic collar cells trap food from water flowing through pores in its wall. |
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| An immature stage between the embryo and adult in the life cycle of many animals. |
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| An asymmetric, soft-bodied animal with two simple tissues around a thin, inner matrix. |
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| One of a diverse collection of tiny multicelled precambrian species having a highly flattened body, sometimes with many unspecialized segments. |
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| A type of radial invertebrate having epithelial tissues and a saclike gut. The only animal that makes nematocysts. |
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| A fluid-fillesd, jack-in-the-box capsule housed in one of three types of sensory-effector cells in cnidarians. |
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| Long, flexible, prey-capturing extensions of an animal body. |
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| Of cnidarians, a gelatinous matrix with scattered cells between the epidermis and gastrodermis; functions as a buoyant, derformable skeleton. |
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| Body structure with definite form and function made of more than one tissue. |
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| A set of organs that are interacting chemically, physically, or both in a common task. |
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| One of the simplest existing animals with organ systems that form from three primary tissue layers. |
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| Organism that withdraws nutrients from a living host, which it usually does not kill outright. |
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| A muscular tube. Invertebrate chordates use theirs in fitler-feeding and respiration. In land vertebrates, it is the entrance to the esophagus and trachea. |
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| Distinct cluster of cell bodies of neurons. |
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| One of many tapeworm body units that bud behind the scolex. |
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| A bilateral invertebrate having a highly segmented body; major groups are polychaetes, oligochaetes, and leeches. Except in leexhes, segments have clusters of chitin-reinforced bristles. |
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| Meaning decaying particles of organic matter. |
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| Of bilateral animals, a line of communication, usually paired, that runs parallel with the anterior-posterior axis. In large or long invertebrates, it often has one or more large axons. In chorgates, it develops as a hollow, neural tube that gives rise to the spinal cord and brain. |
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| Of some invertebrates, one of many water-regulating units that help control the composition and volume of tissue fluid. |
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| Bilateral, cephalizd animal with a false coelom and a crown of cilia. |
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| Only invertebrate with a mantle draped over a soft, fleshy visceral mass; most have an external or internal shell. |
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| Of mollusks, a tissue draped over the viseral mass. Of Earth, a rocky zone of intermediate density under the crust. |
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| A drastic twisting of the body, including the verceral mass, as certain molluscan embryos develop. |
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| Soft-bodied mollusk with a closed circulatory system. Moves by jet propulsion of water from siphon |
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| Type of invertebrate having a hardened exoskeleton and specialized segments with joined apendages. |
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| Periodic shedding of worn-out or too-small body structures. Permits an animal to grow in size or renew. |
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| Major changes in body form of certain animals. Hormonally controlled growth, tissue reorganization, and remodeling of body parts leads to adult form. |
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| One of the abundant "insects of the seas," mostly marine arthropods having a hardened, flexible exoskeleton and pairs of jointed appendages. |
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| One of many small tubes that help insects on land dispose of toxic wastes without losing body water. |
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| Of echinoderms, a system of tube feet connected to canals, through which controlled water flow can extend the feet in coordinated ways. |
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| One of the protostomes; a radical invertebrate with some bilateral features and calcified spines or plates on the body wall. |
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