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| local signaling molecules |
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| One of many cell secretions into extracellular fluid. All have potent effects but are inactivated so fast that the signal is confined to local tissues. |
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| a product of ATP that in turn triggers an enzyme that generates specific cellular changes |
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| Any of a diverse class of signaling molecules that are secreted by neurons. It acts in a synaptic cleft, then is rapidly degraded or recycled. |
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| Nearly odorless exocrine gland secretion. A hormone-like signaling molecule between individuals of the same species that integrates social behavior. |
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| molecule in a cell that relays a hormonal signal |
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| forebrain region; a center of homeostatic control of internal environment; influences hunger, thirst, sex, other viscera-related behaviors, and emotions |
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| Vertebrate endocrine gland; interacts with the hypothalamus to control many physiological functions, including activity of many other glands. Its posterior lobe stores and secretes hormones from the hypothalamus; its anterior lobe produces and secretes its own hormones. |
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| makes its own hormones, but hypothalamic signals control their release (located in the brain) |
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A chemical messenger produced in one part of the body that affects target cells in another part of the body. The endocrine system produces these to help maintain homeostasis and regulate reproduction and development.
They are transported throughout the body in the blood.
May be steroids, peptides, or modified amino acids.
Minute amounts can have significant influence on target cells. |
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| control system of cells,tissues, and organs that interacts intimately with the nervous system; secretes hormones and other signaling molecules |
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| hormones that are derived from cholesterol |
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| hypothalamic signaling molecule that enhances or slows the secretion of a specific anterior pituitary hormone |
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| any substance that binds to a molecule and interferes with its function |
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| endocrine gland; secretes hormones that influence overall growth, development, and rates of metabolism |
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| a manin homeostatic mechanism by which some activity changes conditions in a cell or multicelled organism and thereby triggers a response that reverses the change |
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| one of four small glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland; their secretions trigger increases in blood calcium levels |
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| outer zone of the adrenal gland; secretes cortisol and aldosterone |
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| inner zone of the adrenal gland that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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| of humans, the post-embryonic stage when gametes start to mature and secondary sexual traits emerge |
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| Light-sensitive, melatonin-secreting endocrine gland. Seasonal change in melatonin levels effect the biological clocks, overall activity, and reproductive cycles. |
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| internal time-measuring mechanism by which individuals adjust their activities seasonally, daily, or both in response to environmental cues |
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| Periodic shedding of worn-out or too-small body structures. Permits an animal to grow in size or renew parts. |
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| hormone in many insect life cycles; roles in metamorphosis, molting |
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| endocrine gland located on top of the kidney; regulates stress responses and influences glucose metabolism |
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| a ductless gland that secretes hormone molecules, which typically travel in blood to target cells |
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| signaling molecule from the hypothalamus that suppresses release of an anterior pituitary hormone |
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| forebrain region;a coordinating center for sensory input and a relay station for signals to the cerebrum |
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