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| Organ system that rapidly transports substances to and from cells; typically consists of a heart, blood vessels, and blood; also helps to stabilize body temperature and pH in some animals |
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| A fluid connective tissue that is the transport medium of circulatory systems |
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| Muscular pump; its contractions circulate blood through the animal body |
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| All fluid in spaces between cells of all tissues except the connective tissue called blood |
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| Blood flows out of muscular vessels or one or more hearts, mingles with fluid in body tissues, then flows back in |
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| Closed Circulatory System |
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| Confines blood in a heart and blood vessels of different thickness and diameter |
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| Cardiovascular route in which oxygen-poor blood flows to lungs from the heart, gets oxygenated, then flows back to the heart; flows to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries and returns through pulmonary veins |
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| Cardiovascular route in which oxygenated blood flows from the heart to the rest of the body, where it gives up oxygen and takes up carbon dioxide, then flows back to the heart |
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| Organ system with vessels that return excess interstitial fluid and reclaimable solutes to blood and with lymphoid organs that function in defense |
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| Transport oxygen, nutrients, and other solutes to cells |
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| Unspecialized cell, retains a capacity for mitotic cell division; can develop into any living cell |
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| 90% water; liquid portion of blood; mainly water and dissolved ions, proteins, sugars, gases, and other solutes |
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| Erythrocytes; functions in the efficient transport of oxygen in blood |
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| Measure of the quantity of cells of a specialized type in 1 cubic millimeter of blood |
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| Leukocytes; participant in innate or adaptive immunity, or both |
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| Lasts 5 to 9 days; a megakaryocyte fragment; it releases substances that help form clots in blood |
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| Type of disorder resulting from having too few functional red blood cells |
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| A vertebrate defense response; antibodies bind antigen and form insoluble clumps that attract phagocytes |
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| Method of identifying which self-recognition proteins of types A and B are at the surface of an individual's red blood cells; the absence of either type is designated O. |
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| Method of determining whether Rh-positive, a type of surface recognition protein, is present in an individual's red blood cells; if absent, the cell is Rh-negative |
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| Of vertebrates, the main artery of systemic circulation; from the heart. |
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| A recurring sequence of muscle contraction and relaxation that corresponds to one heartbeat |
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| A contractile tissue present in the heart wall; involuntary, striated, and auto-rhythmic |
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| Cardiac Conduction System |
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| A set of specialized cardiac muscle cells that initiate and send signals that make regular cardiac muscle cells contract; the SA node, AV node, and junctional fibers that link them. |
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| Sinoatrial (SA) node; a cluster of self excitatory cardiac muscle cells that spontaneously started contracting first; they continue to set the normal rate of heartbeat |
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| A thick-walled, muscular, rapid-transport vessel that smooths out pulses of pressure generated by heartbeats. |
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| Type of blood vessel in between arteries and capillaries; selectively distributing more of the total blood volume to different organs in a given interval requires controls over dilation and constriction of the diameter of arterioles |
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| Smallest diameter blood vessel; exchanges between interstitial fluid and blood occur across its wall, which is only one cell thick |
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| A small blood vessel that connects several capillaries to a vein |
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| Any of the large-diameter vessels that lead back to the heart |
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| Fluid pressure generated by heartbeats that causes blood circulation |
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| An increase in blood vessel diameter, arterioles especially. |
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| A decrease in blood vessel diameter, especially, arterioles |
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| The mass movement of one or more substances in the same direction, most often in response to pressure |
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| Bulk flow of some protein-free plasma out of a blood capillary when outward-directed blood pressure exceeds the inward-directed osmotic movement of interstitial fluid |
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