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| A spherical prokaryotic cell. From a word meaning berries. |
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| Rod-shaped prokaryotic cell; small staffs. |
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| A spiral-shaped prokaryotic cell. |
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| Of many cells, a semigrid but permaeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane; help[s a cell retain its shape and resist rupturing. |
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| Microbiology diagnostic tool. Cells are exposed to purple dye, iodine, an alcohol wash, and then counterstain. Cell walls of Gram-positive species stay purple;Gram-negative turn pink. pink |
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| Sticky meshlike capsule or slime layer around a prokaryotic cell wall. |
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| Rotates like a propeller. |
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| A short filamentous protein that projects above the cell wall and can adhere to surfaces; a sex pilus functions in conjugation. |
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| Increases in the number of cells of a population. |
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| A circular, double-stranded molecule of prokaryotic DNA. |
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| cell reproduction mechanism of prokaryotic cells only. |
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| A small, circular bacterial DNA molecule having a few genes; replicated independently of the bacterial chromosome. |
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| A mode of gene transfer that is possible when one cell has an F plasmid. |
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| A method of classifying an unidentified microbe by comparing it with a known group on the basis of shape, wall staining attributes, and other observable traits; the more traits shared, the closer is the inferred relatedness. |
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| The first kind of cells that formed after life originated. Most metabolically diverse organisms. Most are chemoheterotrophs. |
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| Have many unique molecular and biochemical traits but also share some traits with bacterial and other traits with eukaryotic speciecs. |
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| A type of organism which, when compared against an organism of known type, has difference that are too minor to classify it as a seperate species. |
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| A type of single-celled photoautotroph; the first to use a noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis, which slowly enriched the early atomsphere with oxygen. |
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| A group of Gram-negative bacteria; the most diverse monophyletic group of prokaryotic cells. |
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| A group bacteria; all are intracelluar parasites that cannot make ATP; they pilfer it from animal cells. |
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| A motile, parasitic or symbiotic bacterium that looks like a stretched spring. |
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| Informal name for mostly chemoheterotrophic bacteria that have a multilayered wall; not a monophyletic group. |
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| Of certain bacteria, a resting structure enclosing a bit of cytoplasm and the DNA; resists heat, irradiation, drying acids, disinfectants, and boiling water. |
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| A noncelluar infectious agent of DNA or RNA, a protien coat and,in some types,an outer lipie envelope; it can be replicated only after its genetic material enters a host cell and subverts the host's metabolic machinery. |
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| One of the class of viruses that infects bacteria. |
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| Gross damage to a cell wall, plasma membrane, or both that lets cytoplasm leak out; causes cell death. |
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| A rapid viral replication pathway that ends with lysis of a host cell. |
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| A latent period that extends many viral replication cycles. Viral gene are integrated into host chromosome and may remain inactivated through many host cell divisions brfore being replicated. |
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