Term
|
Definition
| oxygen requiring pathway of ATP formation in mitochondria: from glycolysis, to Kreb's Cycle and electron transport phosphorylation. typical net yield: 36 ATP per glucose molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breakdown of glucose or other organic compound to two pyruvates. First stage of aerobic respiration, fermentaion, or anarobic electron transfer. oxygen has no role in glycolysis, which takes place in the cytoplasm of all cells. Two NADH form. Net yield: 2 ATP per glucose molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| three-carbon compound that forms as an end product of glycolysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. A nucleotide coenzyme; after it accepts electrons and H+, abbreviated as NADH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flavin adenine dinuleotide. a type of nucleotide coenzyme; transfers electrons and H+ from one reaction site to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| second stage of aerobic respiration in which many coenzymes form as pyruvate from glycolysis in fully broken down to CO2 and H2O. Two ATP also form. occurs only in MITOCHONDRIA |
|
|
Term
| electron transfer phosphorylation |
|
Definition
| final stage of aerobic respiration; electron flow through electron transfer chains in inner mitochondrial membrane sets up H+ concentration and electric gradients that drives ATP formation. oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the chain |
|
|
Term
| substrate level phosphorylation |
|
Definition
| direct enzyme-mediated transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to another molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anarobic ATP-forming pathway using pyruvate and NADH from glycolysis. NADH transfers electrons to an intermediate, acetaldehyde, forming ethanol. occurs in cytoplasm only. the net yield is 2 ATP from glycolysis; the steps remaining only regenerate NAD+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the anaerobic pathways of ATP formation. NADH from glycolysis donates hydrogen and electrons to pyruvate, converting it to three-carbon lactate, and regenerating NAD+. the net energy yield is 2 ATP ( from glycolysis) |
|
|
Term
| anaerobic electron transfers |
|
Definition
| of some bacteria and archaeans, ATP formation by way of flow of electrons through transfer chains in the plasma membrane to a final electron acceptor that in NOT oxygen |
|
|
