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AP Biology
30-Plant Nutrition and Transport
35
Biology
12th Grade
05/01/2011

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Term
Macronutrient
Definition
Elements required in amounts above 0.5 percent of the plant's dry weight.
Term
Soil
Definition
Mineral particles mixed with variable amounts of decomposing organic material
Term
Humus
Definition
Mass of dead organisms and organic litter.
Term
Aluminosilicates
Definition
Layers of a clay particle, covered with negative ions, which give clay its nutrient-attracting properties.
Term
Loams
Definition
Soils with the best oxygen and water penetration.
Term
Horizons
Definition
Profiled layers of soil that accumulate over thousands of years.
Term
Topsoil
Definition
Youngest soil layer, providing essentials for plant growth.
Term
Leaching
Definition
Downward percolation of water and dissolved nutrients through soil.
Term
Soil Erosion
Definition
Loss of soil by forces of water and wind.
Term
Mycorrhizae
Definition
A form of mutualism between a young root and a fungus. Fungus increases surface area, while the roots provide the fungus some nutrients.
Term
Nitrogen Fixation
Definition
Metabolic conversion of gaseous nitrogen to ammonia.
Term
Root Nodules
Definition
Localized swellings where symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria infect.
Term
Root Hairs
Definition
Thin extensions of root epidermal cells that greatly increase surface area.
Term
Vascular Cylinder
Definition
The column of vascular tissues in a plant.
Term
Casparian Strip
Definition
Barrier to unrestricted flow of water and nutrients through the vascular cylinder.
Term
Exodermis
Definition
Cell layer just under surface of plant roots.
Term
Xylem
Definition
Dead cell matter than passively transports water and dissolved nutrients.
Term
Phloem
Definition
Structure of live cells that transport nutrients for plant processes.
Term
Transpiration
Definition
Evaporation of water from plant structures into the atmosphere.
Term
Tracheids
Definition
Dead cells that make up the xylem. Tapered, unperforated walls.
Term
Vessel Members
Definition
Another type of cell that makes up the xylem. Thick, finely perforated walls.
Term
Cohesion-Tension Theory
Definition
Henry Dixon; Water inside the xylem is pulled up by air's drying power, which creates a continuous negative pressure called tension.
Term
Cohesion
Definition
Property of water to form hydrogen bonds with itself.
Term
Cuticle
Definition
Waxy layer secreted to prevent water loss.
Term
Cutin
Definition
Insoluble lipid polymer that makes up the cuticle.
Term
Stomata
Definition
Collapsible openings on leaves where gas diffusion takes place.
Term
Guard Cells
Definition
Specialized cells that control stomata opening.
Term
Abscisic Acid
Definition
Hormone that causes a water-stressed plant to close stomata.
Term
Sieve Tubes
Definition
Units of the phloem which allow quick movement of organic compounds.
Term
Companion Cells
Definition
Load organic compounds into neighboring sieve tube cells, by using active transport.
Term
Translocation
Definition
Movement of organic compounds through the phloem.
Term
Source
Definition
Regions of plant where compounds are loaded into sieve tubes.
Term
Sinks
Definition
Region where organic compounds are used or stored.
Term
Pressure Flow Theory
Definition
Internal pressure at the source forces the solute-rich solution to the sink.
Term
Turgor
Definition
Outward pressure exerted on plant cell walls.
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