Term
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Definition
| persistence of two forms of a trait in a population; a physical difference in the sexes which allow one to attract to another |
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Term
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Definition
| persistence of three or more forms of a trait in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| All genotypes in a population; a pool of genetic resources |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes having two or more slightly different molecular forms |
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Term
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Definition
| Alters the base sequence in DNA, but does not have a discernible effect on survival or reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mutation that results in severe disruptions in phenotype, usually resulting in death |
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Term
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Definition
| relative abundance of alleles of a given gene among all individuals of a population |
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Term
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Definition
| when the allele frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to population change of organisms from generation to generation; also how new species originate |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to patterns of changes in groups of related species over broad periods of geological time |
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Term
| Conditions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium |
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Definition
1. Infinitely large population
2. Random mating
3. No gene flow (immigration/emigration)
4. No mutations
5. No selection |
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Term
| Hardy Weinberg Formula (Phenotype frequency and Allele Frequency) |
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Definition
Phenotype Frequency: p^2+2pq+q^2=1
Allele Frequency: p+q=1 |
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Term
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Definition
| differences in survival and reproduction among individuals in a population as a result of their interaction with the enviornment |
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Term
| Four Factors of Natural Selection |
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Definition
1. Individuals in a population vary in traits
2. Traits are passed onto offspring (heritable)
3. Individuals compete for survival
4. Resources are limited |
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Term
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Definition
| allele frequencies shift in one direction, forms at one end of phenotypic range |
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Term
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Definition
| selection that eliminates individuals that have extreme or unusual traits |
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Term
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Definition
| selection that occurs when the environment favors extreme or unusual traits against common traits |
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Term
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Definition
| gender related traits give the individual an advantage in reproductive success |
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Term
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Definition
| random increase or decrease of allele frequencies |
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Term
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Definition
| population undergoes a dramatic decrease in size; small population is usually most vulnerable |
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Term
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Definition
| allele frequencies in a group of migrating are not the sane as that of their population of origin (by chance) |
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Term
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Definition
| nonrandom mating among very close relatives, which share many identical alleles |
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Term
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Definition
| introduction or removal or alleles from the population when individuals leave or enter the population |
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Term
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Definition
| aspect of form, function, behavior, or development that improves the odds for surviving or reproducing in a particular enviornment |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which daughter species form from a population of a parent species |
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Term
| Biological Species Concept |
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Definition
| a species is one ore more groups of individuals that interbreed produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated |
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Term
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Definition
| one or more populations of individuals having a unique common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more species that originate from a common ancestor and become increasingly different over time |
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Term
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Definition
| two unrelated species that share similar traits; have analogous traits |
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Term
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Definition
| body parts of a species are not a physical match with those of a species that could serve as a mate or pollinator |
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Term
| Reproductive Isolating Mechanism |
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Definition
| any heritable feature of body form, function, or behavior that prevents interbreeding between two or more populations |
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Term
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Definition
| species mate or flower during different seasons or at different times of the day |
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Term
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Definition
| species does not recognize another species as a mating partner because it does not perform the correct physical or chemical signals |
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Term
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Definition
| populations occupying different microenviornments may be ecologically isolated |
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Term
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Definition
| gametes of different species may have molecular incompatibilities |
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Term
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Definition
| population divided by a geographic barrier so that interbreeding between the two resulting populations is prevented |
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Term
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Definition
| an island chain some distance from a continent; close to the mainland that gene flow is more or less unimpeded, so there is little to any speciation |
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Term
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Definition
| species forming within the home range of an existing species, in the absence of a physical barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals inherit more than the normal two sets of chromosomes found in a diploid cell; often occurs in plants |
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Term
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Definition
| populations maintaining contact along a common border evolve into a distinct species |
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Term
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Definition
| fossil records revealing two patterns of evolutionary change, one branching, the other unbranched |
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Term
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Definition
| change in allele frequencies and morphology accumulate in a single line of descent |
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Term
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Definition
| summarize or diagrams information on the relationships among groups; each branch represents a line of descent from a common ancestor |
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Term
| Gradual Model of Speciation |
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Definition
| species originate by slight morphological changes over long time spans |
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Term
| Punctuation Model of Speciation |
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Definition
| evolutionary history consists of geologically long periods of stasis with little or no evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| burst of divergences from a single lineage that leads to many new species |
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Term
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Definition
| set of niches that come to be filled by a group of usually related species |
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Term
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Definition
| a chance modification in some body structure or function gives it the opportunity to exploit an enviornment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| catastrophic losses of entire families or other major groups |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| category given to each set of organisms; classification system |
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Term
| Six Kingdom Classification System |
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Definition
| promoted by Robert Whittaker; assigned all of the prokaryotic species to kingdoms Bacteria, Archaea, Prostista, Plantae, Fungi, and Anamalia |
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Term
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Definition
| classification system of all organisms within these three categories:Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
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Term
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Definition
| the descendants from an ancestral species in which a unique feature first evolved |
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Term
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Definition
| name of an evolutionary tree diagram of evolutionary relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| novel feature that evolved in one species and is present only in its descendants |
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