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| A community of cells and intercellular substances that are interacting in one or more tasks. |
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| A structural unit of at least two tissues, organized in certain proportions and patters, that carries out one or more common tasks. |
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| Has two or more organs interacting physically, chemically, or both in the performance of one or more tasks. |
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| An increase in number, size, and volume of cells. |
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| A series of stages in which specialized tissues, organs, and organ systems form. |
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| Bodily fluid that is not inside cells. (extracellular fluid) |
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| When ions or molecules of any substance are concentrated in one place and tend to move to a place where they are not as concentrated. |
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| A relationship in which the volume of an object increases with the cube of the diameter, but the surface area increases with the square. |
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| Pumps substances against the direction in which their concentration gradient would take them. |
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| The place where individuals of a species normally live. Each has different resources and poses a unique set of challenges. |
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| Fluid that fills the spaces between cells and tissues. |
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| The fluid portion of the blood. |
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| Cells of parts of cells that detect stimuli, which are specific forms of energy. |
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| A central command post that receives and processes information about stimuli. |
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| Muscles and/or glands that carry out suitable responses to the stimulation. |
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| Negative Feedback Mechanisms |
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Definition
| Some activity changes a specific condition in the internal environment, and the condition changes past a certain point, a response reverses the change. |
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| Positive Feedback Mechanisms |
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Definition
| Controls that initiate a chain of events that intensify change from an original condition, and after a limited time, the intensification reverses the change. |
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| System Aquired Resistance |
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Definition
| A mechanism that induces cells to produce and release compounds that will protect tissues from attack in many plants. |
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| A defense response to attack in some plants, including the secretion of sticky resins and toxins. |
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| Any biological activity repeated in cycles, each about twenty-four hours long, independently of any shifts in environmental conditions. |
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| Programmed cell death where a cell is induced to commit suicide as part of growth, development, and maintenance of a mulitcelled body. |
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| The study of body form at successive levels of structural organization, from molecules on up through organ systems. |
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| The study of how the body functions in response to the environment. |
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| The structure of most body parts correlates with the current or past function, and it emerges during stages of growth and development. |
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| Similarities of Animals and Plants |
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Definition
| Both require gas exchange, internal transport, the maintenance of the volume and composition of their internal environment, and cell-to-cell communication. |
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| Stable operating conditions in the internal environment. Negative and positive feedback mechanisms are among the controls that work to maintain these conditions. |
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| How do Cells of Tissues and Organs Communicate? |
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Definition
| They communicate with one another by secreting hormones and other signaling molecules into extracellular fluid, and by selectively responding to signals from other cells. |
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| Where Does the Structural Organization of Plants and Animals Emerge? |
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Definition
| During stages of growth and development. |
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| Acquiring materials and distributing them to cells, getting rid of wastes, protecting cells and tissues, reproducing, and often nurturing offspring. |
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| All of the fluid not inside the body's cells, consisting of interstitial fluid and plasma, the fluid portion of blood. |
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| Negative and positive feedback mechanisms that help maintain physical and chemical aspects of the body's internal environment within ranges that its individual can tolerate. |
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| Examples of Control Mechanisms in Plants |
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Definition
| System acquired resistance, compartmentalization, and rhythmic leaf movements in response to environmental challenges. |
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Definition
| Issue signals that induce them to converge and make a spore-bearing structure in result of dwindling food supply or environmental changes. |
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| What does communication involve? |
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Definition
| Receiving signals, traducing them, and inducing change in a target cell's activity. |
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| Requires membrane receptors and other membrane proteins, often involving a cascade of reactions that amplify the initial signal. |
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