Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP Biology 1
Vocabulary for Chapters 1- 13
77
Other
12th Grade
12/12/2016

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
ATP
Definition

Adenosine Triphosphate

Cellular Energy

Term
Active transport
Definition
Movement across the cell membrane that requires energy
Term
Aerobic
Definition
Processes, such as cellular respiration, that require oxygen.
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
Processes, such as fermentation, that do not require oxygen
Term
Anaphase
Definition
[image]
Term
Asexual Reproduction
Definition
A type of reproduction involving only one parent; binary fission is an example.
Term
Atom
Definition
basic unit of matter
Term
Binary fission
Definition

Division into two organisms

approximately equal in size.

A form of asexual reproduction.

Term
Cancer
Definition
Abnormal cell growth and division
Term
Carbon
Definition
Molecules of living things are mainly assembled around what molecule?
Term
Catalyst
Definition
A factor that speeds up a reaction.
Term
Cell Division
Definition
Mitosis and meiosis are two types of ____________.
Term
Cell cycle
Definition
a repeating sequence of cell growth and division.
Term
Cellular respiration
Definition
[image]
Term
Centromere
Definition
a specialized structure on the chromosome, appearing during cell division as the constricted central region where the two chromatids are held together and form an X shape.
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition

pigment that absorbs light for photosynthesis

Term
Chloroplast
Definition
[image]
Term
Chromatid
Definition
The two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome.
Term
Chromosome
Definition
Thick bodies observed during mitosis, consisting of the DNA, that carry the genes. Humans have 23 pairs.
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition

Bond formed when electrons are shared.

Term
Crossing Over
Definition
The exchange of information between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis.
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
the process during cell division where the cytoplasm divides
Term
DNA
Definition
[image]
Term
Diffusion
Definition
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Term
Diploid
Definition
an organism or cell having double the basic haploid number of chromosomes.
Term
Electron
Definition
The negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.
Term
Electron Transport Chain
Definition

A step in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration that produces energy. Negative particles are passed along a membrane by carrier molecules.

[image]

Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition

An internal membrane transport system.

Where lipid components of cell membranes are made.

It sometimes has ribosomes attached.

Term
Enzyme
Definition
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions.
Term
Fermentation
Definition

Process that follows glycolysis when no oxygen is present.

Forms either lactic acid or ethyl alcohol

Term
Gamete
Definition
A mature sexual reproductive cell, a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism
Term
Gene
Definition
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule.
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
The first stage of cellular respiration
Term

Golgi Body

Golgi Apparatus

Definition
[image]
Term
Haploid
Definition
. an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes, ordinarily half the normal diploid number.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
Living things maintaining a relatively stable internal environment
Term
Homologous chromosome
Definition
2 chromosomes that are similar in size, shape and genetic content.
Term
Homozygous
Definition


HH or gg

Containing two identical alleles for a trait

Term
Interphase
Definition
The part of the cell cycle between divisions. Includes the G1, S and G2 phases.
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
Bond involving the transfer of electrons
Term
Isotope
Definition

atom of an element that differs in the number of neutrons compared with other atoms of the same element

Term
Lipid
Definition
[image]
Term
Meiosis
Definition
[image]
Term
Metaphase
Definition
[image]
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
[image]
Term
Mitosis
Definition

The usual method of cell division for body cells.

Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
A simple sugar; the monomer of carbohydrates
Term
Nucleus
Definition

The control center of the cell.

Contains DNA.

Term
Organelles
Definition

The ribosomes, vacuoles, Golgi body and other parts of the cell are called _________.

This word means little organs.

Term
Osmosis
Definition
The diffusion of water
Term
Oxygen
Definition
Photosynthesis produces sugar, water and _____.
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
The process used by plants to convert the energy from sunlight to chemical energy.
Term
Pigment
Definition
A chemical, such as chlorophyll or carotene, that absorbs certain wavelengths of light.
Term
Plant Cell
Definition
[image]
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
Cells that do not contain membrane bound organelles and do not have a nucleus.
Term
Protein
Definition
A polymer that consists of a long chain of amino acids.
Term
Proton
Definition
The positively charged particle in the nucleus of the atom.
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Small particles made of RNA and protein which make proteins
Term
Spindles
or
spindle fibers
Definition
cell structures made of both centrioles and microtubules involved in moving chromosomes during cell division.
Term
Surface tension
Definition
Property of water that allows some animals to walk across a pond - results from cohesion
Term
Tetrad
Definition
2 sets of homologous chromosomes.[image]
Term
Tumor
Definition
A mass of rapidly dividing cells.
Term
Vacuole
Definition
Cell part responsible for storage
Term
Watson and Crick
Definition
These two scientists are credited with the discovery of the structure and function of DNA.
Term
Zygote
Definition
A fertilized egg cell; the cell produced by the union of two gametes.
Term
pH
Definition
The scale used to measure H+ concentration. Will tell if something is an acid, base, or neutral.
Term
Light Reactions
Definition
• First stage of photosynthesis
• Light energy is absorbed, water is split to produce O2 gas, and ATP and NADPH are produced.
Term
Polypeptide
Definition
•A chain of amino acids that makes up protein.
Term
Amino Acid
Definition
The building blocks of protein.
Term
Catabolic
Definition
Metabolic processes involving the breakdown of molecules and release of energy.
Term
Polar Bond
Definition
Type of covalent bond resulting from the unequal sharing of electrons.
Term
Isomer
Definition
Compounds with the same molecular fromula, but different structures and different properties.
Term
Carboxyl Group
Definition
[image]
Term
Phosphate Group
Definition
[image]
Term
dehydration synthesis
Definition
The monomers combine with each other via covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers. In doing so, monomers release water molecules as byproducts. This term means "to put together while losing water.
Term
tertiary structure
Definition
The three dimensional shape of a protein. A single polypeptide chain "backbone" with one or more proteins.  Amino acid side chains may interact and bond in a number of ways.
Term
Aquaporins
Definition
Membrane proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water, and in some cases, small solutes across the membrane.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!