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AP Biology Notecards: Chapters 9-10
Vocab words from Chapter 9 and 10 of "Biology: Sixth Edition" by Campbell and Reece.
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Biology
12th Grade
11/06/2011

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Term
Celluar Respiration Formula
Definition
CH2O + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
Term
Photosynthesis Formula
Definition
CO2 + H2O -> CH2O + O2
Term
Fermentation
Definition
A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
Term
Alcoholic Fermentation
Definition
The conversion of pyrivate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
Term
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Definition
The conversion of pyrivate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
Term
Electron Transport Chain
Definition
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy to make ATP.
Term
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Definition
The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reaction of an electron transport chain.
Term
Photophosphorylation
Definition
The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a proton-motive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Term
Aerobic
Definition
Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires oxygen.
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
Term
Cyclic Photosynthesis
Definition
The generation of ATP that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH of oxygen.
Term
Noncyclic Photosynthesis
Definition
The production of ATP that involves both photosystems and produces ATP, NADPH, and oxygen.
Term
Autotroph
Definition
An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms.
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.
Term
C3 Plant
Definition
A plant that uses the Calvin Cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material, forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.
Term
C4 Plant
Definition
A plant that preface the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds, the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
Term
C4 Photosynthesis
Definition
Photosynthesis where CO2 is converted into malate (4C) in mesophyll cells, which is moved to bundle sheath cells to be turned into CO2 again and go through the Calvin cycle.
Term
CAM Photosynthesis
Definition
Photosyntheis where CO2 is converted into an organic acid at night and changed back into CO2 and put into the Calvin cycle during the day.
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants.
Term
Carotenoids
Definition
An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants.
Term
Stomata
Definition
A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange.
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