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| A moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that inhabits the land but lacks many of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants. |
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| A plant with vascular tissue. Vascular plants include all modern species except the mosses and their relatives. |
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| A plant without vascular tissue. This is mainly mosses and their relatives. |
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| A vascular plant that bears naked seeds - seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers. |
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| A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary. |
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| A long tubular single cell or filament of a cell that anchors bryophytes to the ground. |
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| The tube-shaped, nonliving portion of the vascular system in plants that carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. |
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| The portion of the vascular system in plants consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant. |
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| A member of the phylum Hepatohyta; a small herbaceous (nonwoody) plant. |
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| A member of the phylum Anthocerophyta; a small herbaceous (nonwoody) plant. |
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| The collective name for the phyla Lycohyta (lycophytes) and Pteridophyta (ferns, wisk ferns, and horsetails). |
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| A gymnosperm whose reproductive structure is the cone. Conifers include pines, firs, redwoods, and other large trees. |
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| A spore from a heterosporous plant that develops into a female gametophyte bearing archegonia. |
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| A spore from a heterosporous plant that developes into a male gametophyte with antheridia. |
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| A nonflowering plant with a hollow jointed stem that bears whorls of narrow leaves, producing spores in cones at the tips of the shoots. |
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| A flowerless plant that has feathery or leafy fronds and reproduces by spores released from the undersides of the fronds. Ferns have a vascular system for the transport of water and nutrients. |
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| An adaptation for terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a resistant coat. |
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| A structure that develops in the plant ovary and contains the female gametophyte. |
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| A subdivision of flowering plants whose members possess one embryonic seed leaf, or cotyledon. |
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| A subdivision of flowering plants whose members possess two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons. |
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| An indehiscent fruit derived from a single ovary having one or many seeds within a fleshy wall or pericarp: e.g. grape; tomato; cranberry. |
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| A fruit such as a blackberry that develops from a single flower that has several carpels. |
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| A fruit such as a pineapple that develops from an inflorescence, a group of flowers tightly clustered together; fuse together and become incorporated into one fruit. |
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| The placement of pollen onto the stigma of a carpel by wind or animal carriers, a prerequisite to fertilization. |
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| Root systems common to monocots consisting of a mat of thin roots that spread out below the soil surface. |
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| A root system common to eudicots consisting of one large, vertical root (the taproot) that produces many smaller lateral, or branch roots. |
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| A tiny projection growing just behind the root tips of plants, increasing surface area for the absorption of water and minerals. |
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