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capacity to do work
it takes work to maintain the organization of the cell and the organism |
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| all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell |
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| a process that transforms solar energy into chemical energy |
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| the maintenance of internal conditions within certain boundaries |
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| the process of making another organism like itself |
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| modifications that make organisms suited to their way of life |
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| all the members of a species |
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| all communites taken together make up the biosphere |
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| number and size of populations in a community |
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| the discipline of identifying and classifying organisms according to certain rules |
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| occurs when a person uses isolated facts and creative thinking to come up with a possible explanation |
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| begins with a general statement that infers a specific conclusion. |
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| a factor that can cause an observable to change during the experiment |
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| Stands for the name of the element |
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| Located within the nucleus of an atom, have a positive charge |
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| Located within the nucleus have a neutral charge |
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| Located outside of the nuclues, negative charge |
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| Equal to the sum of of its protons and neutrons |
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| All atoms of an element have the same number of protons. This number is the atomic number |
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The same element with different neutron numbers but same proton number.
ex. carbon always have 6 protons but it can have 7 neutrons. which makes it 13C |
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Surronding the element.
1913 Niels Bohr |
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| Voulme of space where rapidly moving electron is statistically predicted to be formed |
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| When atoms of two or more different elements react or bond together |
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| smallest part of a compound |
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Ionic compounds are held together by and attraction between the charged ions.
ex; Na+Cl- |
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| When two atoms share electrons |
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| clusters of certain atoms that always behave a certain way |
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| when monomers join a hydroxyl (oh group) |
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| Simple sugars with a carbon backbone of 3 to 7 carbon atoms |
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| Molecules that bear many hydroxyl groups |
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| located in the blood of animals |
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| frequently found in fruits |
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5 carbon sugars
found in nucleic acids |
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long polymers of monosaccharides formed by condensation synthesis
most common; starch, glycogen and cellulose |
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contains glucose molecules
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| Polymer of glucose. Found in exoskeleton of crabs and lobsters |
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| Consists of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end |
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| no double bonds between the carbon atoms |
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| Have double bonds between the carbons |
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compound with 3 hydroxyl groups
hydroxyl groups are polar which means they're soluable in water |
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| contain a phosphate group. theyre constructed like neutral fats |
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| Lipids that have an entirely different structure from that of fats. Have four fused carbon rings |
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| composed of one of more polypetides which are polymers of amino acids |
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| has a carbon atom bonded to one hydrogen atom. |
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| two or more amino acids bonded together |
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| chain of amino acids bonded by a peptide bond |
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| Polymers of nucleotides with very specific functions in cells |
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| Complementary Base Pairing |
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Definition
A is always bonded with T
C is always bonded with G |
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| contains peptidoglycan, a complex molecule with chains of unique amino disaccharide |
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| Futher surronds the cell wall in some bacteria |
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| regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the cytoplasm |
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| in prokaryotic cells consists of cytosol; a semifluid medium. |
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| small bodies that coordinate the synthesis of proteins |
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| small accessory rings of DNA |
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| membranes of flattened disks |
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| cells that contain a true nucleus |
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| small bodies each with a specific structure and function |
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contains cellulose fibrils
supports and protects plant cells |
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| Storage of genetic information.Synthesis of RNA and DNA |
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| Where ribosomes are formed |
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| ER (endoplasmic reticulum) |
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| synthesis and modification of proteins and substances and transport by vesicle formation |
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| Various lipid synthesis in some cells |
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| processing, packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids |
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| Shape of cell and movement of its parts |
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| Formation of basal bodies |
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| fluid that bounds the two membranes of the chloroplast |
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| are long extremly thin fibers that occur in bundles or meshlike metworks |
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| are intermediate in size between actin filaments and microtubles. They are a ropelike assembly of fibrous polypeptides. |
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small hollow cylinders about 25nm in diameter from .2-25 um 8um in length.
Theyre made of globular protein called tubulin. |
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| are short cylinders with a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubule triplets that is a ring having nine sets of triplets with none in the middle. |
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| 1972; S. Singer and G. Nicolson. that proposes in part that the membrane is a fluid phospholipid bilayer in which protein molecules are either partically or wholly embedded. |
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| located in the plasma membrane. theyre known to arrange themselves spontaneously into a bilayer. |
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| have a structure similar to phospholipids except that the hydrophilic head is a variety of sugars join to form a straight or branching carbohydrate chain |
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