Term
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Definition
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid. A nucleic acid found in the nucleus that codes for herditable genetic information and is used to make proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Polymers made of monomers called nucleotides. |
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Term
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Definition
Cytosine
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine |
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Term
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Definition
One ring nitrogenous bases:
Cytosine
Thymine |
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Term
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Definition
Two ring nitrogenous bases:
Adenine
Guanine |
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Term
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Definition
Adenine pairs with Thymine
Cytosine pairs with Guanine |
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Term
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Definition
| One unit of a nucleic acid. |
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Term
| Structure of a Nucleotide |
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Definition
| Consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. In DNA, the pentose sugar is called deoxyribose. |
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Term
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Definition
| A double helix. Similar to a twisted ladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| The two sugar-phosphate DNA backbones run in opposite 5'-> 3' directions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which DNA is copied. |
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Term
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Definition
| A model for DNA replication where one molecule of DNA gives rise to two new molecules. Each of the new molecules contains one strand from the original DNA. After a third replication, two molecules of DNA consist of the original DNA plus the brand new DNA, and two molecules consist of the new strand from the first replication as well as a brand new strand. |
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Term
| Conservative and Dispersive Model |
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Definition
| Two out of date models of DNA replication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sites where DNA replication begins, which have a specific sequence of nucleotides. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Y-shapes region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands. |
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Term
| Single-Strand Binding Proteins |
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Definition
| Bind to the unpaired DNA strands, keeping them from re-pairing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Helps relieve the strain on the replication fork from untwisting the DNA. They break, swivel, and rejoin the DNA strands. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that synthesized RNA primers, using the parental DNA as a template. |
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Term
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Definition
| Catalyze the synthesis of new DNA by adding nucleotides to a preexisting chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| The strand running in the 5'-> 3' direction. Can be synthesized normally. |
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Term
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Definition
| The 3'-> 5' strand that must be synthesized with the help of Okazaki fragments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Segments of the lagging strand as it is being synthesized. |
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Term
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Definition
| Joins the sugar-phosphate backbones of all the Okazaki frgments into a continuous DNA strand. |
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Term
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Definition
| When other enzymes remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides that hacve resulted from replication errors. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Special nucleotide sequences at the ends of DNA molecules. They do not contain genes and typically consist of multiple repetitions of one short nucleotide sequence. They protect genes from erosion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| A complex of DNA and histone proteins. |
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