Term
| ____is the sum of all biochemical reactions in a cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____is the amount of energy that is free to do work after a reaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is teh symbol for free energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____have a negative DG and energy is released. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___have a positive DG and products have more energy than reactants.q |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| base adenine, five carbon sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups |
|
|
Term
| A occurs when energy is released by an exergonic reaction and is used to drive an endergonic reaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is ATP supply maintained? |
|
Definition
| by the breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration |
|
|
Term
| When one phosphate group is removed from ATP, what happens? |
|
Definition
| about 7.3 kilocalories is released per mole |
|
|
Term
| What are the only three functions of ATP? |
|
Definition
| chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work |
|
|
Term
| A ____is an orderly sequence of linked reactions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each step in a series of chemical reactions requires an_____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A____is a reactant for an enzymatic reaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____is the energy that must be added in order for molecules to react. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A____is a small region on the surface of the enzyme where the substrates bind. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A____is an organic cofactor that assists the enzyme. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____are small organic molecules required in trace amounts for synthesis of coenzymes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____of enzymes occur when signal proteins turn on kinases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____occurs when a substance binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IOn____the substrate and the enzyme are both able to bind to the enzyme's active site. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In _____,the inhibitor binds to an enzyme at a location other than the active site. |
|
Definition
| noncompetitive inhibition |
|
|
Term
| competitive and noncompetive inhibition are both examples of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A_____is an orderly sequence of linked reaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metabolic pathways begin with a _____and end with a_____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____are catalysts that speed up the chemical reactions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A_____is a reactant for an enyzmatic reaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the energy that must be added to a reaction in order for molecules to react? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzymes speed chemical reactions by lowering the ____by forming a complex with their _____at the active site. |
|
Definition
| energy of activation; substrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrates bind |
|
|
Term
| When a substrate binds to an enzyme, the active site undergoes a slight change in shape that facilitates the reaction---this is called the______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three factors that affect enyzmatic speed? |
|
Definition
| substrate concentration, temperature and pH, and enzyme concentration |
|
|
Term
| As temperature rises, what happens to enzyme activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many enzymes require an inorganic or nonprotein______to function. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A_____is an organic cofactor which assists the enzyme. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____are small organic molecules required in trace amounts for synthesis of coenzymes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____of enzymes occur when signal proteins turn on kinases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In _____, the substrate and the inhibitor are both able to bind to the enzymes active site. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In_____,the inhibitor binds to a location other than its active site. |
|
Definition
| noncompetitive inhibition |
|
|
Term
| Competitive and noncompetitve inhibition are both examples of ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in oxidation reduction reactions? |
|
Definition
| electrons pass from one molecule to another |
|
|
Term
| _____is the loss of electrons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____is the gain of electrons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| know the photosynthesis formula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Both photosynthesis and respiration use an_____consisting of membrane bound carriers that pass electrons from one carrier to another. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthetic organisms transport solar energy into______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthetic organisms are called_____because they produce their own food. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organisms that must take in food are called ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbon dioxide enters a leaf through small openings called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbon dioxide and water diffuse into the _____, the organelles that carry on photosynthesis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In chloroplasts, a double membrane encloses a fluid filled space called the____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An internal membrane system within the stroma forms flattened sacs called_____, which are sometimes organized into stacks called_____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____-and other pigments involved in absorbption of solar energy reside within thylakoid membranes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only____of the sun's radiations that hits the earth's atmosphere hit the earths surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pigments found in chlorophyll absorb various portions of visible light; this is called their _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of reactions? |
|
Definition
| light reactions and calvin cycle reactions |
|
|
Term
| Why do leaves appear green? |
|
Definition
| very little green light is absorbed most is reflected |
|
|
Term
| light reactions take place only in the presence of ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
