Term
| Why is facilitated diffusion considered passive transport? |
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Definition
| Transports substances down the concentration gradient without using energy by using a carrier molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| creates a channel that certain substances can travel through the plasma membrane with |
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Term
| The Na(+) - K(+) pump, the major electrogenic pump in animal cells, exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions, both of which are cations. How does this exchange generate a membrane potential? |
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Definition
| The exchange is unequal, with more positive going out than in, this creates a relatively positive change on the outside (membrane potential) |
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Term
| How is cholesterol, which is used for synthesis of other steroids and membranes, transported into human cells? |
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Definition
| Through receptor mediated endocytosis. Cholesterol fits onto receptors on the membrane of the cell and the cell engulfs them, creating an internal vesicle that contains them. |
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Term
| a sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
| receptor mediated endocytosis |
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Definition
| the movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in |
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Term
| Explain why cholesterol accumulates in the blood of individuals with the disease familial hypercholesteremia. |
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Definition
| Causes people to have missing LDL receptor sites, so the cholesterol cannot undergo receptor mediated endocytosis and remains in the blood. |
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Term
| Explain the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
| There is a phospholipid bilayer with a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior. In it, proteins are embedded. Integral proteins go through the membrane whereas peripheral proteins aren't embedded directly into the bilayer. |
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Term
| What types of molecules have difficulty crossing the plasma membrane? Why? |
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Definition
| Large polar molecules and ions cannot cross plasma membranes easily. The inner hydrophobic section of the membrane impedes the movement of these molecules. |
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Term
| List the three parts of the cell theory. |
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Definition
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. All cells come from preexisting cells.
3. Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things. |
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Term
| pressure potential (Ψp) in an open environment = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| solute potential (Ψs) + pressure potential (Ψp) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ionized constant (1.0 for sucrose) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pressure constant (0.0831) = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Temperature degrees kelvin (273+degrees C) |
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Term
| On a graph, always label: |
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Definition
| Title, x-axis, y-axis, and units |
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Term
| Where the line of best fit crosses the 0% change in mass, that is the ______ |
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Definition
| molar concentration of the thing being tested |
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Term
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Definition
| has more solutes, and therefore less water potential (water will move to it) |
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Term
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Definition
| has less solutes, and therefore more water potential (water will leave it) |
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