Term
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Definition
| the capture of light energy and conversion of it into chemical energy |
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Term
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Definition
| organism that sustains itself without eating anything derived from other living beings, also called producers |
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Definition
| organism that sustains itself by living on compounds produced by other organisms, also called consumers |
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Term
| decomposers are ___ (heterotrophs/autotrophs) |
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Definition
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Term
| the site of photosynthesis in plants (an organelle) |
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Definition
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Term
| chloroplasts are found in all ___ (color) parts of a plant |
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Definition
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Term
| the color of a leaf is from ___ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| green pigment located within chlorplasts |
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Term
| light absorbed by ___ drives the synthesis of organic molecules in chloroplasts |
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Definition
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Term
| the mesophyll is the ___ of the leaf and contains ___ |
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Definition
| inner tissue; chloroplasts |
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Term
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Definition
| microscopic pore(s) on a leaf that allow the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen |
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Term
| water is absorbed by the ___ of plants |
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Definition
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Term
| the dense fluid within the chlorplast |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the interior of the thylakoid |
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Term
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Definition
| stack(s) of thylakoid sacs |
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Term
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Definition
| hypothesized that plants split H2O as a source of electrons (H) to make sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| steps of photosynthesis that convert solar energy to chemical energy |
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Term
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Definition
| electron acceptor in photosynthesis |
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Term
| ATP is generated via ___ in the light reactions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process by which light reactions convert ADP + P into ATP with chemiosmosis |
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Term
| the two compounds that the light reaction stores energy in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| worked out the steps of the Calvin cycle in the 1940s |
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Term
| the initial addition of carbon to organic molecules from carbon dioxide |
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Definition
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Term
| carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate in the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| simplified equation for photosynthesis |
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Definition
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Term
| interconnected membranous sacs that separate the stroma from the thylakoid space |
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Definition
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Term
| the calvin cycle makes ___ but can only do so with the help of products of the light reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| the calvin cycle is also called |
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Definition
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Term
| the light reactions take place in the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| the dark reactions take place in the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| electromagnetic energy or electromagnetic radiation is better known as ___ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves |
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Term
| the entire range of wavelength radiation |
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Definition
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Term
| light from 380-750nm in wavelength |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a discrete quantity of light energy that behaves like a particle |
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Term
| shorter wavelength means ___ energy (greater/less) |
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Definition
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Term
| substances that absorb light are known as ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| chlorophyll appears green to us because it ___ |
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Definition
| doesn't absorb (reflects) green light |
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Term
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Definition
| a machine that measures the ability of a pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light |
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Term
| an absorption spectrum is a ___ plotting a pigment's light absorption vs. wavelength |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of pigments in chlorplasts |
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Definition
| chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids |
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Term
| a group of accessory pigments to chlorophyll |
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Definition
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Term
| green is the least effective color light for ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| violet-blue and red ___ work best for photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| an ___ profiles the effectiveness of differing wavelengths of radiation in photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| preformed a clever experiment that showed the action spectrum for photosynthesis |
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Term
| carotenoids are ___ that are various shades of yellow and orange |
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Definition
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Term
| carotenoids are important for ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| when a molecule absorbs a photon of light, one of its electrons ___ |
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Definition
| is elevated to an orbital with higher potential energy |
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Term
| a pigment molecule is said to be in an excited state when ___ |
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Definition
| one of its electrons is boosted to a higher orbital by a photon of light |
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Term
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Definition
| the afterglow given off when energy is released as light and heat after an electron moves down an orbital |
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Term
| a protein complex called a reaction-center complex, surrounded by several light harvesting complexes is called ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| a light harvesting complex is made up of ___ |
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Definition
| various pigment molecules bound to proteins |
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Term
| primary electron acceptors are located in the ___ of a photosystem |
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Definition
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Term
| energy is passed ___ to ___ in a light harvesting complex until it reaches the ___ |
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Definition
| pigment molecule to pigment molecule; primary electron acceptor |
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Term
| thylakoid membranes contain 2 types of photosystems: ___ and ___ |
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Definition
| photosystem II (PS II) and photosystem I (PS I) |
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Term
| during the light reactions, photosystem I occurs (before/after) photosystem II |
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Definition
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Term
| chlorophyll a called P680 is found in the reaction-center complex of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ type chlorophyll a is found in photosystem I |
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Definition
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Term
| the flow of electrons through photosystems and other molecules in the thylakoid membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| linear ___ flow only occurs in the light reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| the reactants of photosystem II |
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Definition
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Term
| the products of photosystem II |
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Definition
| O2 and an excited electron |
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Term
| the electron transport chain between photosystems I and II is made up of ___ ___ and ___ |
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Definition
| plastoquinone (Pq), a cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin (Pc) |
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Term
| the electron transport chain between photosystems I and II provides for the production of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| light and an electron from PS II are reactants for what |
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Definition
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Term
| NADPH is produced by ___ in photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| cyclic electron flow is an alternate electron path that doesn't use ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| the calvin cycle uses products from the ___ along with ___ to synthesize sugar |
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Definition
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Term
| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) |
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Definition
| the 3-carbon sugar produced by 3 turns of the calvin cycle |
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Term
| the 3 phases of the calvin cycle |
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Definition
1: carbon fixation
2: reduction
3: regeneration of the CO2 acceptor (RuBP) |
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Term
| the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the calvin cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| the most abundant protein in chloroplasts |
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Definition
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Term
| the carbon fixation stage of the calvin cycle produces ___ of 3-phosphoglycerate for each carbon dioxide fixed |
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Definition
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Term
| 3-phosphoglycerate recieves an additional phosphate group to become ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| when 1,3-biphosphoglycerate is reduced by NADPH, it gains 2 electrons, loses 1 phosphate group and becomes ___ |
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Definition
| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) |
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Term
| it takes ___ turns of the calvin cycle to produce enough G3P for 1 molecule of glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 G3P are rearranged back into 3 RuBP during ___ |
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Definition
| phase 3 of the calvin cycle |
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Term
| 3 turns of the calvin cycle consume ___ ___and ___ to form one G3P |
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Definition
| 3 CO2, 9 ATP, and 6 NADPH |
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Term
| C___ plants fixate carbon with rubisco |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a metabolic pathway consuming O2 and ATP and releasing CO2 |
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Term
| when O2 concentration exceeds that of CO2 in leaves, ___ often occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| a unique ___ is correlated with the mechanism of C4 photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| the calvin cycle is confined to the ___ in C4 plants |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| crassulacean acid motabolism |
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Term
| CAM plants acquire the CO2 they need during ___ when having open stomata will conserve water better than during day |
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Definition
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Term
| during day, CAM plants ___ their stomata to prevent photorespiration (close/open) |
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Definition
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