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AP Biology Ch. 35
Campbell & Reece
55
Biology
11th Grade
10/31/2010

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Term
Morphology
Definition
External Form
Term
Tissue
Definition
A group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.
Term
Organ
Definition
A structure consisting of several types of tissues that together carry out particular functions
Term
Root System
Definition
All of a plant's roots, which anchor it in the soil, absorb and transport minerals and water, and store food.
Term
Shoot System
Definition
The aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and in angiosperms: flowers.
Term
Taproot
Definition
The one main vertical root.
Term
Lateral roots
Definition
Branch roots that come off the taproot.
Term
Root Hairs
Definition
A thin tubular extension of a root epidermal cell, that are usually short lived.
Term
Nodes
Definition
The point at which leaves are attached.
Term
Stem
Definition
An organ consisting of an alternating system of nodes and internodes.
Term
Internodes
Definition
The stem segments between nodes.
Term
Axillary buds
Definition
A structure that can form a lateral shoot, between the upper angle formed by each leaf and the stem.
Term
Apical Bud (terminal bud)
Definition
Main contributor to the elongation of a young shoot, with developing leaves and a compact series of nodes and internodes.
Term
Apical Dominance
Definition
The inhibition of axillary buds by apical buds.
Term
Leaf
Definition
Main photosynthetic organ of a plant.
Term
Petiole
Definition
A section of a leaf that joins it to the stem at a node.
Term
Veins
Definition
The vascular tissue of a leaf.
Term
Tissue system
Definition
A functional unit connecting all of the plant's organs.
Term
Dermal Tissue system
Definition
The plant's outer protective covering - like our skin.
Term
Epidermis
Definition
A layer of tightly packed cells
Term
Cuticle
Definition
The waxy coating on the epidermis surface - specializes in water retention.
Term
Periderm
Definition
A protective tissue that replaces the epidermis on older regions of stems and roots.
Term
Vascular Tissue System
Definition
The system that carries out the long-distance transport of materials between the roots and shoots.
Term
Xylem
Definition
A type of vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals upwards from the roots to the shoot.
Term
Phloem
Definition
A type of tissue that transports sugars from where they are made to where they are needed. (source to sink)
Term
Stele
Definition
The vascular tissue of a root or stem collectively.
Term
Ground Tissue
Definition
Tissue that is neither vascular or dermal.
Term
Pith
Definition
Ground tissue that is internal to the vascular system/tissue.
Term
Cortex
Definition
Ground tissue that's external to the vascular tissue.
Term
Parenchyma cells
Definition
Cells that perform the metabolic function of a plant, synthesizing and storing various organic products. - thin primary walls.
Term
Collenchyma cells
Definition
Cells that support the young parts of the plant shoot, grouped in strands of cylinders.
Term
Schlerenchyma cells
Definition
Also function as support to plants, but with lignin and secondary walls.
Term
Schlereids
Definition
A type of sclerenchyma cell; have very thick secondary walls and are shorter that fibres and irregular in shape.
Term
Fibres
Definition
Sclerenchyma cells that are long, slender and tapered.
Term
Xylem vessels
Definition
One of the tubular conductive structures of xylem, consisting of dead cylindrical cells that are attached end to end and connected by perforations.
Term
Sieve tube elements
Definition
A series of cells joined end to end, forming a tube through which nutrients are conducted.
Term
Sieve plates
Definition
The perforated end wall of a sieve tube element/cell.
Term
Indeterminate growth
Definition
Growth that occurs throughout a plant's life.
Term
Determinate growth
Definition
When something stops growing because at a certain size.
Term
Meristems
Definition
Perpetually embryonic tissues.
Term
Apical meristems
Definition
Located at the tips of roots, shoots, and the axillary buds; provide the plant with additional cells to grow in length.
Term
Lateral Meristems
Definition
Cylinders of dividing cells along the roots and stems - increases plant's diameter.
Term
Vascular Cambium
Definition
Adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
Term
Cork Cambium
Definition
Replaces the epidermis with thicker, tougher periderm.
Term
Primary plant body
Definition
The result of apical meristems and primary growth.
Term
Root cap
Definition
A covering of the tip of a root, which protects the apical meristem.
Term
Endodermis
Definition
The innermost layer of the cortex, a cylinder one cell thick that forms a boundary.
Term
Pericycle
Definition
The outermost cell layer in the vascular cylinder, adjacent to just inside the endodermis.
Term
Lead primordia
Definition
Finger-like projections along the sides of the apical meristem
Term
Stomata
Definition
Cells that interrupt the dermal barrier on leaves and allow gas exchange.
Term
Guard cells
Definition
Cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
Term
Mesophyll
Definition
The ground tissue of a leaf
Term
Secondary Plant Body
Definition
The body that consists of the tissues produced by the vascular cambium and cork cambium.
Term
Lenticels
Definition
Space between cork cells, enabling living cells within the woody system to exchange air and gass.
Term
Bark
Definition
Includes all tissues external to the vascular cambium.
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