Term
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Definition
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Term
Cell 1
Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes MMK |
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Definition
Prokaryote: An organism whose DNA is not contained within a nucleus, ex. a bacterium. Eukaryote: Any organism with one or more cells that have visible nuclei and organelles. |
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Definition
A device that uses a lens or system of lenses to produce a greatly magnified image of an object. Optical: Uses transmitted or reflected light to obtain the image. Scanning electron: Scans surface of sample to study its topography. Transmission electron: Passes electrons through thin sections to study inside of organisms |
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Cell 3 Ultracentrifuge MMK |
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Definition
A centrifuge for separating microscopic or submicroscopic particles by using a force many times greater than gravity. |
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Cell 4 Cell Organelles MMK |
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Definition
A specialized part of a cell that has its own function, ex. the nucleus or the mitochondrion.
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Definition
The central body, usually spherical, within a eukaryotic cell, that is a membrane-encased mass of protoplasm containing the chromosomes and other genetic information necessary to control cell growth and reproduction. |
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Definition
A small round body inside a cell nucleus, composed of protein and RNA and associated with the formation of ribosomes and ribosomal RNA. |
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Definition
A cluster of proteins and RNA, occurring in great numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells, that takes part in the manufacture of proteins.
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Term
Cell 8 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
MMK |
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Definition
An intricate system of tubular membranes in the cytoplasm of a cell. It is responsible for the synthesis and transport of materials to and from cells. Smooth ER: Has no ribosomes. Rough ER: Has ribosomes.
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Term
Cell 9 Golgi Apparatus MMK |
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Definition
A membranous structure in the cytoplasm of cells consisting of layers of flattened sacs and functioning in the processing and transporting of proteins. |
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Definition
A membrane-bound cavity in living cells that contains enzymes that are responsible for degrading and recycling molecules.
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Definition
A part within a cell containing enzymes that oxidize toxic substances such as alcohol and prevent them from doing any harm.
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Definition
Found in the cytoplasm of most cells and produces enzymes for the metabolic conversion of food to energy. |
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Cell 13 Food vacuole/central vacuoles/contractile vacuoles MMK |
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Definition
Food: Transports food to lysosomes. Central: Large vacuole encased by tonoplast that contributes to endomembrane system. Contractile: Present in freshwater protists to pump water out of the cell.
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Definition
An organelle in a plant cell that contains pigment, ribosomes, and DNA, and serves purposes such as food synthesis and storage. |
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Term
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Definition
The internal network of protein filaments and microtubules in an animal or plant cell. Microtubules: Cell shape, motility, chromosome/organelle movement. Microfilaments: Cell shape, muscle contraction, cytoplasmic streaming, motility, division. Intermediate: Cell shape, organelle anchorage, nuclear lamina. |
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Term
Cell 16 Cilia/Flagella MMK |
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Definition
Cilia: A tiny projecting thread, found with many others on a cell or microscopic organism, that beats rhythmically to aid the movement of a fluid past the cell or movement of the organism through liquid. Flagella: A long thin tapering outgrowth of the cells of many microorganisms that is a means of movement. |
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Term
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Definition
The outermost layer of a cell in plants that provides a supporting framework. Primary cell wall: Thin and flexible. Middle Lamella: Thin layer rich in pectins.
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Term
Cell 18
Plasma Membrane MMK |
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Definition
The membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm, through which substances pass in and out of the cell. |
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Term
Cell 19
Passive Transport
MMK |
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Definition
The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane. |
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Cell 20
Active Transport MMK |
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Definition
The movement of substances across cell membranes from low to high concentrations, requiring energy and proteins that act as carriers. |
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Cell 21
Water Potential MMK |
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Definition
The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure. |
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Cell 22
Solutions to Describe MMK |
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Definition
Hypertonic: A solution with a higher concentration of solutes. Isotonic: A solution with an equal concentration of solutes. Hypotonic: A solution with a lower concentration of solutes.
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Term
Cell 23 Cell in Hypertonic Solution
MMK |
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Definition
A cell in a hypertonic solution will shrink and become hypotonic. An animal cell in this solution is "shrivled" A plant cell in this solution is "plasmolyzed" |
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Cell 24
Cell in Hypotonic Solution
MMK |
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Definition
A cell in a hypotonic solution will shrink and become hypertonic. An animal cell in this solution is "lysed" and bursts. A plant cell in this solution is "turgid" and is normal for a plant cell.
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Cell 25
Cell in Isotonic Solution
MMK |
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Definition
A cell in a isotonic solution will remain isotonic. An animal cell in this solution is "normal" A plant cell in this solution is "flaccid" |
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Cell 26 Tight Junctions
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Definition
The region between the membranes of tightly packed adjacent cells that fuses the cells together and provides a selective barrier to the passage of material by diffusion. |
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Cell 27 Gap Junctions MMK |
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Definition
A passage through the membranes of adjacent cells that allows the transfer of small molecules or ions between cells. |
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Definition
| A small patch of interlocking fibers between the outer membranes of adjacent cells that helps to hold cells together in tissues such as skin. |
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Term
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Definition
A form of cell death necessary to make way for new cells and to remove cells whose DNA has been damaged to the point at which cancerous change is liable to occur. |
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