Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ap biology 9.3, 9.4
questions
35
Biology
11th Grade
09/28/2011

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Term
What is a neoplasm?
Definition
an abnormal growth of cells
Term
A_____neoplasm is not cancerous.
Definition
benign
Term
A ______neoplasm is cancerous.
Definition
malignant
Term
______is a cellular growth disorder that results from the mutation of the genes that regulate the cell cycle.
Definition
cancer
Term
What is the word for the development of cancer?
Definition
carcinogenesis
Term
Cancer cells lack______.
Definition
differentiation
Term
Cancer sells have anbormal_____/
Definition
nuclei
Term
What is the word for extra copies of specific genese?
Definition
gene amplification
Term
Cancer cells form_____.
Definition
tumors
Term
Cancer cells undergo what two process?
Definition
metastis and angiongenesis
Term
______is a tumor in its place of orgigin, but it is not encapsulated and will eventually invade surrounding tissues.
Definition
cancer in situ
Term
What is metastasis?
Definition
when cancer cells form new tumors distant from the primary tumor
Term
_____is the formation of new blood vessels and is required to bring nutreints and oxygen to a acnerous tumor whose growth is not contained within a capsule.
Definition
angiogenesis
Term
What are three factors that a cancer patient's prognosis depends on?
Definition
wheteher the tumor has invaded surrounding tissues, if so-whether or not there is any lymph node involvement, and whether there are metastatic tumors in disant parts of the body
Term
______specify proteins that directly and indirectly promote the cell cycle and _____specify proteins that directly and indirectly inhibit the cell cycle.
Definition
proto-oncogenes; tymor syppressor genes
Term
DNA segements called ______occur at the ends of chromosomes and protect them from damage.
Definition
telomeres
Term
Proto-oncogenes are at the end of a _____that extends from the plasma membrane to the nucleus.
Definition
stimulatatory pathway
Term
Tumor suppressor genes are at the start of an ______.
Definition
inihibitory pathway
Term
What are oncogenes?
Definition
cancer causing genes
Term
How many types of oncogenes have researchers identified that can cause increased growth and lead to tumors?
Definition
100
Term
The oncogenes most grequently involved in human cancers belong to the ____gene family.
Definition
ras
Term
What type of oncogene is associated wwith lung cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer?
Definition
rasK
Term
The rasN oncogene is associated with _____and _____.
Definition
leukeimias and lymphomas
Term
Another gene, ______is associated with inheriting certain forms of breast and ovarian cancer.
Definition
BRCA1
Term
Another major tumor gene is called_____a gene that is more frequently mutated in human cancers that any other known gene.
Definition
p53
Term
_____lack a nucleus and toher membranous organelles found in eukaryotic cells.
Definition
prokaryotes
Term
In electron micrographs, the bacterial chromosome appears as an electron dense, irregularly shaped region called the _____.
Definition
nucleoid
Term
Prokaryotes reproduce sexually by ____.
Definition
binary fission
Term
Why is binary fission called binary fission?
Definition
because division produces two daughter cells that are identical tot eh orginal parent cell
Term
_____which lives in our intestines, has a genration time of about 20 minutes.
Definition
escherichia coli
Term
What is generation time?
Definition
the time it takes the cell to divide
Term
What happens during binary fission?
Definition
the chromosome duplicates, and each daughter cell receives one copy as the parent cell elongates, and a new cell wall and plasma membrane form between the duaghter cells
Term
is spindle apparatus involved in binary fission/
Definition
no
Term
The chormosomes of eukaryotic cells are composed of____and_____.
Definition
dna and associated proteins
Term
Cell division allows unicellular organism to reproduce and is necessary to ____and____in multicellular organisms.
Definition
growth and reapir
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