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AP Bio flashcards ch.44
bio bro
23
Biology
11th Grade
02/08/2015

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Term
population
Definition
group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed
Term
age structure
Definition
of a population, the number of individuals in each of several age categories
Term
demographic
Definition
statistics that describe a population
Term
mark-recapture sampling
Definition
method of estimating population size of mobile animals by marking individuals, releasing them, then checking the proportion of marks among individuals recaptured at a later time
Term
plot sampling
Definition
method of estimating population of organisms that do not move by making counts in small plots, and extrapolating from this to the number in the larger area
Term
population density
Definition
number of individuals per unit area
Term
population distribution
Definition
describes whether individuals are clumped, uniformly dispersed, or randomly dispersed in an area
Term
population size
Definition
total number of individuals in a population
Term
reproductive base
Definition
of a population, all individuals who are reproductive age or younger
Term
carrying capacity
Definition
maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustain
Term
density-dependent factor
Definition
factor that limits population growth and has a greater effect in dense populations than less dense ones.
Term
density-independent factor
Definition
factor that limits population growth and arises regardless of population density
Term
limiting factor
Definition
a necessary resource, the depletion of which halts population growth
Term
logistic growth
Definition
density-dependent limiting factors cause population growth to show as population size increases
Term
cohort
Definition
group of individuals born during the same time interval.
Term
k-selected species
Definition
species adapted to a stable environment, where population size is often near carrying capacity.
Term
life history pattern
Definition
a set of traits related to growth, survival, and reproduction such as age-specific mortality, life span, age at first reproduction, and number of breeding events
Term
r-selected species
Definition
species adapted to an environment that changes rapidly and unpredictably, so population size is often far below carrying capacity
Term
survivorship curve
Definition
graph showing the decline in numbers of a cohort over time.
Term
demographic transition model
Definition
model describing changes in birth and death rates that occur as a region becomes industrialized
Term
ecological footprint
Definition
area of earth's surface required to sustainably support a particular level of development and consumption
Term
replacement fertility rate
Definition
fertility rate at which each woman has, on average, one daughter who survives to reproductive age.
Term
total fertility rate
Definition
average number of children the woman of a population bear over the course of a lifetime
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