Term
| How many strands of nucleotides are in a DNA molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many strands of nucleotides are in an RNA molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA is only found in the? |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA is found in both the? |
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Definition
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Term
| A region on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein is known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 3 to 5 strand of DNA is known as the? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 5 to 3 strand of DNA is known as the? |
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Definition
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Term
| Okazaki fragments are built on which strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| Genes that seem to jump freely from one chromosome to another are known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of mRNA? |
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Definition
| DNA pattern taken to cytoplasm for protein manufacture |
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Term
| What is the function of rRNA? |
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Definition
| part of the ribosome, protein assembly |
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Term
| What is the function of tRNA? |
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Definition
| Carry amino acids to ribosome for protein assembly |
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Term
| what enzyme unzips DNA for replication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme unzips DNA for transcription? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme Ties Okazaki fragments together? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of bonds hold nitrogen bases together as DNA molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA the amount of guanine is always equal to the amount of? |
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Definition
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Term
| in DNA the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of? |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA replication is called "semi-Conservitive" because each new DNA molecule has one strand that is ______ and _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Damaged DNA is usually repaired by? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two scientists recieved the Noble Prize for discovering the structure of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| the coding portions of nucleic acids, which are left over after transcription and processing are known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| TACCGAT mutated to TACGGAT: what kind of mutation has taken place? |
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Definition
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Term
| TACCGAT mutated to read TACCCGAT What mutation took place? |
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Definition
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Term
| TACCGAT mutated to TACGAT what mutation took place? |
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Definition
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Term
| A point mutation is a change in a ________ nitrogen base? |
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Definition
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Term
| Apoptosis is another name for ___? |
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Definition
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Term
| All the genes on a single chromosome are known as a ______ group? |
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Definition
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Term
| Restriction enzymes cut DNA strands at specific spots in the nucleotide known as? |
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Definition
| recognition sequence/ Restriction site |
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Term
| What kind of enzyme is capable of creating DNA strands with "blunt" and "sticky" ends? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of charge does the DNA molecule carry? |
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Definition
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Term
| In gel electrophoresis what size molecule travles furthest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Briefly explain Darwins idea of Ntural Selection |
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Definition
| Organisms most fit for their enviorment survive and pass their genes on |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in alleic Frequency |
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Term
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Definition
| Speciation: new species develop others go extinct |
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Term
| What kind of evolution occurs when different organisms independently devlop similar structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Darwin talked about survival of the fittest? what does the word fittest mean? |
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Definition
| Organisms most able to survive in their enviorment |
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Term
| What kind of selection is occuring when human breeders select traits to e passed on to off spring? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is descent with modification? |
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Definition
| Gradual change over time, genes are passed to offspring |
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Term
| In the name Homo Sapiens what is the genus name? |
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Definition
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Term
| In constructing cladograms, what is derived characters? |
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Definition
| a character that has developed more recently than primitive character. Shared by some |
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Term
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Definition
| Dont share derived characters |
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Term
| What adaptations to plant leaves keeps them from drying out? |
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Definition
| Cuticles, guard cells, stomatas |
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Term
| What taxonomist believed that animals adapted to their enviorment and then passed their adaptations to their offspring? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the conditions that have to be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibria to exist? |
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Definition
a. Large population
b. NO mutation
c. Random mating
d. No migration
e. no natural selection |
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Term
| Define: geographic isolation |
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Definition
| Geographical barriers prevent organisms from breeding with eachother |
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Term
| Define: behaviorial isolation |
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Definition
| organsims dont recognize mating behaviors, preventing them from breeding |
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Term
| Define: Temporal isolation |
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Definition
| organisms are active at different times of the day |
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Term
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Definition
| Bottineck effects or founders effect limit gene pool |
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Term
| What is the endosymbiotic thory of eukaryotic cell development? |
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Definition
| Large prokaryotes "ingested" smaller prokaryotes and set up symbiotic relationships with them |
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Term
| What are analogous structures? |
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Definition
| Structuers that look alike but develop independently |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures that are passed down, come from embryonic tissue |
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Term
| What did Carolus Linnaeus do? |
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Definition
| classified organisms by phenotype |
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Term
| what are polygenic traits? |
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Definition
| Phenotypic traits governed by more than one set of genes |
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Term
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Definition
| transport water from root to leaf |
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Term
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Definition
| Transport glucose from source to sink |
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Term
| What is Alternations of Generations"? |
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Definition
| presence of in the life cycle of both gametophyte (1n) and sporophyte (2n) generations |
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Term
| Who believed the nviorment drives evolution, Darwin or Lamarck? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the necessary conditions for natural selection? |
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Definition
| Too many organisms. Competetion for resources, genetic diversity, survival of fittest |
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Term
| How do new species arise? |
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Definition
| Those organisms most fit for survival in their enviorment reproduce and pass on their genes |
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Term
| What is wrong with the following genus/species name? homo sapiens |
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Definition
| Must be italisized or underlined: Homo sapiens |
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Term
| Linnaean classification is based on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 domains of life? |
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Definition
| Archaea, Bacteria, eukarya |
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Term
| In the correct order list the taxonomic levels in the Linnaean system? |
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Definition
| Kingdom,Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
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Term
| Who came up with the idea of Natural Selection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the structure responsible for gas exchange in leaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the names of the cells that regulate passage of air through those openings? |
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Definition
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Term
| List below the 3 adaptations the plants had to have before they could live on land |
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Definition
| vascular tissue, seeds, male/female reproductive organs |
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Term
| What is the function of root hairs? |
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Definition
| increase root surface area for absorption of water and minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| evaporation of water from leaf surface, drawing water up the stem through cohesion |
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Term
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Definition
| water pressure from the ground forcing water into the root |
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Term
What is Meristematic tissue?
Where on a plant would you find it? |
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Definition
| rapidly dividing tissue/ at the end of roots and stems |
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Term
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Definition
| Response to gravitatinol pull |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Female part of the flower |
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Term
| What happens during double fertilization? |
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Definition
| Of the two sperm cells in a pollen grain one forms the pollen tube and the otherfertilizes the egg and embryo |
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Term
| What causes cohesion in water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygen is released during photosynthesis, where does it come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| During photosynthesis, electrons are boosted to higher enegy levels what provides this energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in chloroplasts do the light reactions happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in chloroplasts do dark reactions happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| During light reactions electrons are lost from photosystem one and 2 where do their replacments come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Write below the equation for cellular respirations? |
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Definition
| O2+C6H12O6->H2O+CO2+energy |
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Term
| What is aerobic respiration?? |
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Definition
| cellular respiration with oxygen as the final electron acceptor |
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Term
| What is anerobic respiration? |
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Definition
| cellular respiration without oxygen, fermentation |
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Term
| What organelle is the site of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what organelle is the site of Cellular respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to electrons during oxidation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to electrons during reduction? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the sequence of stages in cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| Glycolosis, Bridging,citric acid cycle,ETC |
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Term
| IN what kind of cells would you expect to see glycolosis taking place? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the energy yield in ATP For FADH2 and NADH2 |
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Definition
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Term
| How much ATP is harvested during alcoholic fermentaion? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much ATP is Harvested during Lactic Acid Fermentation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes muscle soreness following unexpected muscle excersize? |
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Definition
| Accumaltion of lactic acid from anerobic respiration |
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Term
| What were the three salivary glands that you identified in the fetal pig? |
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Definition
| Parotid, Submaxillary, Sublingual |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define: nictating membrane |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Takes un oxygenated blood from right atrium to lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| recieves unoxygenated blood from body |
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Term
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Definition
| recieves oxygenated blood from lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| pumps oxygenated blood to body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Function: Pericardial sac |
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Definition
| Surrounds and protects heart |
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Term
| Function: villi of the small intestine |
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Definition
| increase surface area in small intestine to facilitate absorbtion of food |
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Term
| Function: Rugae of the stomach |
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Definition
| allows stomach to expand assist in mixing food in stomach |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| filters substances from blood |
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Term
| Function: Abdominal Aorta |
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Definition
| delivers oxygenated blood to abdominal cavities to organs and legs |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces digestive juices insulin and glucagon |
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Term
| Function: masseter muscle |
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Definition
| Muscles that allows jaw to ches |
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Term
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Definition
| warms and filters incoming air |
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Term
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Definition
| helps formation of food bolus before swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
| assists in mashing food and formation of food bolus |
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Term
| Function: Large Intestine |
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Definition
| water reclamation waste elimination |
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Term
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Definition
| returns deoxygenated blood too heart |
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Term
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Definition
| takes oxygenated blood from heart too body |
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Term
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Definition
| support shelter spinal cord |
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Term
| Functions:Vertabrel Foramen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| recieves eggs, site of feratlization |
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Term
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Definition
| close off glottis/ trachea during swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| conducts food too stomach |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that can mate and produce viable off spring |
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Term
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Definition
| Members of the same species living in same place same time |
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Term
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Definition
| all the organisms living in the same ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| large ecological area includes biotic and abiotic factors |
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Term
| What are abiotic factors? |
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Definition
| parts of the ecosystem that have never been living |
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Term
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Definition
| living or once living parts of he enviorment |
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Term
| What is the difference of interspecific competetion and intraspecific competetions? |
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Definition
| intra: comp between members of the same species inter: comp between members of different species |
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Term
| What is carrying capacity of an ecosystem? |
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Definition
| all the organisms an ecosysem can support |
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Term
| What will happen to an ecosystem that exceeds carrying capacity? |
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Definition
| excess organisms will die |
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Term
| IN studying populations what are density dependent factors? |
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Definition
| population limiting factors that depend on how densley packed a population is |
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Term
| what are density independent factors? |
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Definition
| population limiting factors that dont care how density packed a population is |
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Term
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Definition
| exponential growth followed by reaching carrying capacity |
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Term
| what kind f curve is used to illustrate logistic growth? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| an organisms way of life, everything they do or eat |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are trophic relationships? |
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Definition
| Feeding relationships, who eats who |
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Term
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Definition
| One organism hunts kills and eats another organism |
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Term
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Definition
| both oranisms get a benefit from another association |
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Term
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Definition
| one organism gets a benefit the other is neither helped not hurt |
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Term
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Definition
| one organism lives on/in another organism and hurts it |
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Term
| What is primary succession? |
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Definition
| succession where life has never before exsisted |
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Term
| What is secondary succession? |
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Definition
| succession where life has exsisted but been wiped away |
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Term
| What is a climax community? |
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Definition
| stable community of plant life which will not change unless disturbed |
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Term
Primary consumer of cow grass and cougar?
primary producer?
Secondary Consumer? |
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Definition
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Term
| In ecosystems _________ flow is one way, but _______ are constantly being recycled. |
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Definition
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Term
| How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of a histone? |
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Definition
| Proteins that chromatin coils around to become more compact before cell division |
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Term
| How many hydrogen bonds are found between adnenine and thymine? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many hyrdrogen onds are found between cytosine and guanine? |
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Definition
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