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AP Bio Chapter 1-4 Vocabulary
Chapter 1-4 Vocabulary
44
Biology
11th Grade
08/27/2013

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Term
Evolution
Definition
The process of an organism adapting to its environment by changing itself over generations
Term
Emergent Properties
Definition
New properties that emerge from each hierarchy of life
Term
Systems Biology
Definition
Constructs models for the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems (Changes to 1 system affects the others??)
Term
Eukaryotic Cell
Definition
Is subdivided by internal membranes; has DNA separated from rest of cell (in nucleus)
Term
Prokartotic Cell
Definition
IS not subdivided by internal membranes; DNA is not in a subdivided part of the cell (has no nucleus)
Term
DNA
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (contains chromosomes of most all cells)
Term
Genes
Definition
made up of DNA, transmits in family
Term
Genome
Definition
library of genetic arrangments an organism contains
Term
Negative Feedback
Definition
End of the process slows that process
Term
Positive Feedback
Definition
End product speeds up its production
Term
Domain Bacteria
Definition
one of two prokaryotic domains, where basic bacteria and viruses are found
Term
Domain Archaea
Definition
one of two prokaryotic domains, where advanced bacteria (like those that live in acid) are found
Term
Domain Eukarya
Definition
contains all Eukaryotic organisms
Term
inquiry
Definition
search for information via specific questioning
Term
discovery science
Definition
process of scientific inquiry that focuses on desciribing nature
Term
models
Definition
a representation of a theory or process
Term
theory
Definition
a broad explanation of something (leads to hypothesis')
Term
controlled experiment
Definition
an experiment where a control group is compared to an experimental group
Term
deductive reasoning
Definition
goes from general statements to specific observations
Term
hypothesis
Definition
an tentative answer to a question, that is built off a theory
Term
inductive reasoning
Definition
goes from specific observations to general statements
Term
matter
Definition
everything with mass
Term
trace elements
Definition
elements that are needed by a living organism in minute amounts
Term
radioactive element
Definition
an element that spontaneously releases energy
Term
energy
Definition
capacity to cause change, especially work
Term
potential energy
Definition
energy that matter has due to its location or spacial arrangement
Term
electronegativity
Definition
attraction level of an atom for a covalent bond
Term
chemical equilibrium
Definition
the state at which the forward reaction and the reverse reaction are equal, where the reactions cease
Term
cohesion
Definition
bonding together of molecules (often by hydrogen bonds)
Term
adhesion
Definition
attraction between 2 different types of molecules
Term
kinetic energy
Definition
energy associated with moving objects
Term
heat
Definition
energy in its most random form
Term
calorie
Definition
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C.
Term
specific heat
Definition
the amount of heat that 1g of a substance must absorb/release in order to change the temp by 1°C
Term
evaporate cooling
Definition
the process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, because of a change o the molecules to the gaseous state
Term
hydrophilic
Definition
a substance that has affinity for water
Term
hydrophobic
Definition
a substance that has aversion for water
Term
molarity
Definition
measure for the solute concentration, (moles/L)
Term
hydrogen ion
Definition
1+ ion in Water, leads to the generation of a hydroxide 1- ion
Term
acid
Definition
a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution
Term
base
Definition
a substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution
Term
pH
Definition
percent hydrogen in a solution (hydrogen ion concentration)
Term
buffers
Definition
a substance that is made up of a base and an acid forms in a solution that minimizes changes in pH levels
Term
ATP
Definition
adenosine triphosphate
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