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Definition
| Chloroplasts converting sun energy into the chemical energy of glucose and other organic molecules |
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| Self-feeders, they sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms. They are the ultimate sources of organic compounds for all nonautotrophic organisms. Producers. |
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| Unable to make their own food, they survive by living on compounds created by autotrophs. Consumers, almost all organisms other than photoautotrophs. |
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Definition
| The green pigment in chloroplasts. It is the light absorbed by this pigment that drives the synthesis of organic molecules. Makes leaves green. |
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| The tissue part of leaves that contian the chloroplasts with chlorophyll. Chloroplast located here have about 35 chloroplasts. |
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| Microscopic pores through which carbon dioxide and oxygen pass. Stoma is the singular form. |
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Definition
| The dense fluid within a chloroplast |
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Definition
| A system of interconnected, flattened sacs. The chlorophyll is located in the membranes here. |
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Definition
| The photo, or light requiring, part of photosynthesis which convert light to chemical energy. Where NADP+ becomes NADPH and some ATP is formed. |
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Definition
| The light independent reactions of photosynthesis. Performs Carbon fixation with the aid of the NADPH and ATP formed in the light reactions. |
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Definition
| Chemiosmosis used to add a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP in the light dependent reactions. |
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Definition
| The inital incorporation of CO2 into organic compounds which is then reduced by NADPH to carbohydrate. |
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Definition
| The distance between the crests or electromagnetic waves. |
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Definition
| The segment of the light spectrum from 380nm to 750nm which is visible to the human eye. |
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Definition
| The two differ slightly in the wavelengths of light they absorb and therefore their colors. |
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Definition
| An accessory pigment in the yellow/orange shades. they may act to broaden the spectrum of light that can drive photosynthesis. Their primary function is to help prevent damage due to excessive light energy. |
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Definition
| Composed of a reaction center surrounded by light harvesting complexes. |
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Definition
| Pigment molecules bound to proteins. They allow photosystems to harvest light over a larger surface and a broader spectrum. Transfers the energy of a photon from pigment molecule to pigment molecule until it enters the reaction center. |
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Definition
| A protein complex that includes two special chlorophyll and a primary electron acceptor. |
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Definition
| A special Chlorophyll a molecule capable of using the energy from light to boost one of their electrons to a higher energy level. |
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Definition
| One of the two routes an electron can take during the light reactions. This is the predominant route. Uses both photosystem I and II to create ATP and NADPH from excited e- |
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Definition
| Uses only photosystem I. It produces ATP but not NADPH. |
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Term
| Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate GTP |
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Definition
| The three carbon sugar generated by the Clavin cycle. To create this it takes three cycles of the Calvin Cycle fixing 3 CO2's. It takes 9 ATP and 6 NADPH to create it. |
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Term
| Three phases of Calvin Cycle |
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Definition
1: Carbon fixation, catalyzed by the enzyme RuBP (rubisco)
2: Reduction, the molecule from phase 1 accepts a P from ATP and is reduced with electrons from NADPH.
3: Regeneration of CO2 acceptor RuBP |
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Definition
| Decreases the output of photosynthetic output by taking out organic material from the Calvin Cycle. Evidence it is evolutionary baggage. |
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Definition
| The first organic product in these plants is a 3-C compound after C fixation. |
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Definition
| These plants preface the Calvin Cycle with an alternate mode of C fixation that forms a 4-C sugar as its first product. These have a unique leaf structure compared to C3 plants. |
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Definition
| An adaptation to arid conditions. These plants open their stomata at night and close them during the day which is the reverse of non-CAM plants. This helps them preserve water but limits CO2 entering. This is solved by incorporating CO2 into organic acids which are stored in the vacuoles until daytime when the Calvin Cycle can happen. More similar to C4 plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| crassulacean acid metabolism found in CAM plants |
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