Term
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Definition
| study of carbon-based compounds; all living organisms are carbon based via atmospheric CO2 (plants) |
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Term
| outer electron configuration |
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Definition
| determines the kinds and number of bonds that an atom will form with other atoms |
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Definition
| whenever C is covalently bonded to four other atoms |
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Definition
molecules consisting only of atoms of C and H, in backbones and side chains of varying lengths and shapes
store a relatively large quantity of potential energy in their bonds, and therefore serve as fuel reserves for organisms
hydrocarbon regions tend to be hydrophobic |
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Definition
| compounds that have the same molecular formula but different molecular structures |
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Definition
| differ in covalent arrangement of their atoms (glucose and fructose) |
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Definition
| have same covalent partnership but differ in their spatial arrangement |
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Definition
| molecules are mirror images of each other; one is usually biologically inactive and the other is not |
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Definition
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Definition
C=O
keytone-attached to internal carbon
aldehyde- on the end of a carbon chain |
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Definition
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Definition
-NH2
amines
amino acids are both amines and carboxylic acids |
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Definition
Phosphate is an anion consisting of a phosphorus atom surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms
Functions in energy transfer between organic molecules |
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Definition
-SH
important in stablizing protein structures |
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Term
| 4 main classes of biological molecules |
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Definition
| carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, proteins |
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Term
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Definition
gigantic molecules
carbs, protiens, lipids, nucleic acids |
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Term
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Definition
| small organic molecules joined in chains |
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Term
| dehydration reaction (dehydrogenase) |
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Definition
/condensation reaction
when water is removed to make the polymer longer |
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Term
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Definition
| when water is added to break the polymer |
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Term
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Definition
| simplest carbohydrate, one of the main sources of fuel for cellular work, provide raw material for building other molecules |
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Definition
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Definition
long chains of sugar units
polymers of glucose linked by dehydration reactions
3 major types: starches, glycogen, cellulose |
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Term
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Definition
a-glucose polymer
long straight-chained amylose
branched-chain amylopectin
stored as insoluble starch granules in roots
easily hydrolyzed |
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Term
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Definition
a-glucose
highly branched and water soluble
stored by animals in liver and muscle cells
readily hydrolyzed |
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Term
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Definition
b-glucose
most abundant organic compound on earth
parallel chains may be cross-linked by H bonds to create microfibrils
provide structural rigidity, not easily hydrolyzed
fiber for plant eating animals |
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