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A &P 2
UNIT quizes ENDO, Blood, Heart
24
Other
Undergraduate 2
02/27/2013

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Term
Which of the following pairs of hormones are antagonists?
Definition
calcitonin/parathyroid hormone and
Term
Biochemicals that affect the function of “target cells” are called…
Definition
Hormones
Term
Which hormone released from the adenohypophysis can promote skin pigmentation and suppress the appetite?
Definition
MSH
Term
An individual’s blood glucose level is climbing and reaching levels above normal homeostatic ranges. Which hormone would need to be released to return blood glucose levels to normal?
Definition
Insulin
Term
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is the…
Definition
Neurohypophysis
Term
____________________ are hormones that can pass through the cell membrane and initiate protein synthesis.
Definition
lipid derivatives
Term
Which hormone is responsible for development of egg-containing follicles in females and sperm production in males?
Definition
FSH
Term
Which hormone stimulates milk production in females after they have given birth?
Definition
Prolactin
Term
Which of the following is the primary control for the endocrine system?
Definition
Negative feedback
Term
The control for calcitonin secretion is blood ____________________ concentration.
Definition
Calcium
Term
Name some steroid hormones
Definition
Steroid hormones include cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone
Term
Non-steroid hormones names
Definition
cholecystokinin, epinephrine, dopamine, insulin, norepinephrine, serotonin, and vasopressin
Term
How do steroid hormones affect the cell?
Definition
like estrogen, directly affect gene expression in their target cells. These hormones are lipid soluble and can diffuse directly through the the plasma membrane of a cell to bind with special receptors in the nucleus
Term
How do Non Steroid hormones effect the cell?
Definition
Non-steroid hormones, such as insulin, cannot diffuse through plasma membrane. These hormones influence cytoplasmic activities through a second messenger, cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), which in turn affects the cellular biochemistry and metabolism. Second messengers often initiate an enzyme cascade, where each step activates an enzyme that in turn activates the next enzyme in the series. These enzyme cascades amplify the effects of hormone molecules on target cell metabolism. When the blood sugar level lowers, insulin is released.
Term
What is Negative Feed back System?
Definition
Negative feedback mechanisms act like a thermostat in the home. As the temperature rises (deviation from the ideal normal value), the thermostat detects the change and triggers the air-conditioning to turn on and cool the house. Once the temperature reaches its thermostat setting (ideal normal value), the air conditioning turns off.
Term
Give an example of negative feedback?
Definition
An example of negative feedback is the regulation of the blood calcium level. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates the blood calcium amount. If calcium decreases, the parathyroid glands sense the decrease and secrete more parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid hormone stimulates calcium release from the bones and increases the calcium uptake into the bloodstream from the collecting tubules in the kidneys. Conversely, if blood calcium increases too much, the parathyroid glands reduce parathyroid hormone production. Both responses are examples of negative feedback because in both cases the effects are negative (opposite) to the stimulus
Term
What are the hormone of the adenohypophysis and what are their functions? There are 7
Definition
Somatotrophic hormone (STH) or Growth hormone (GH)

2. Adenocarticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

4. Prolactin or Lactogenic hormone (LTH)

5. Gonadotropic hormone (GTH)

a. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

b. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Term
Somatotrophic hormone (STH) or Growth hormone (GH) does what?
Definition
STH brings about normal growth when secreted in normal rate. It should neither be high nor low. Oversecretion of STH in childhood leads to ex­cessive growth in length of the bones and results in a condition known as gigantism. In adults hypersecretion of STH results in a condition known as acromegali
Term
Adenocarticotrophic hormone (ACTH) does what?
Definition
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex and causes the secretion gluco­corticoids.
Gluco-corticoid is a very essential hormone for an individual to meet the stressful conditions.
The hypothalamus inturn influences adenohypophysis to secrete more quantity of ACTH.

Melanocyte pigmentation is also under the control of ACTH and pa­tients in whom there is insufficiency of adrenal secretion are abnormally pigmented as a result of the loss of negative feedback provided by Corti­sol. This condition is known as Addison's disease.
Term
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Definition
1. It controls the various aspects of the functioning of the thyroid gland.

2. Promotes accumulation of iodine and increases the quantity of intracel­lular colloids in the epithelial cells of the thyroid gland. This induces the liberation of the hormone thyroxin.
Term
Prolactin or Lactogenic hormone (LTH)
Definition
The general functions assigned to LTH hormone are

1. It stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands.

2. It stimulates the production of Corpus-luteum
Term
Prolactin or Lactogenic hormone (LTH)
Definition
The general functions assigned to LTH hormone are

1. It stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands.

2. It stimulates the production of Corpus-luteum
Term
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Definition
luteinizing hormone
2. any hypothalamic factor that stimulates release of both follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
Term
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Definition
(FSH) one of the gonadotropic hormones of the adenohypophysis; it stimulates ovarian follicle growth and maturation, estrogen secretion, and endometrial changes characteristic of the first portion of the menstrual cycle in females, and stimulates spermatogenesis in males
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