Term
| Mood Disorders General Info |
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Definition
Has a 25% incidence in the general population.
Panic Disorder
Obsessive – Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Phobia
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
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Term
| Mood Disorders Co-Morbidity & Etiology |
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Definition
Contributes to the risk of and/or is co-morbid with many physiological illnesses especially gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases.
Etiology includes a strong interaction between nature (biological factors) and nurture (environmental and developmental factors). |
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Term
| Mood Disorders Neurobiology |
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Definition
-Genetic predisposition
-Affects synaptic plasticity (i.e. the variability of the strength of a signal transmitted through a synapse).
-Inappropriate activation of norepinephrine in the locus ceruleus producing the fight or flight response
-Decreased serotonin inhibitory action in basal ganglion which permits excessive release of dopamine
-Hypersensitive serotonin excitatory receptor sites |
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Term
| Panic Disorder Neurobiology |
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Definition
Chronic Stress Response linked to Panic Disorder
Stress increases the level of circulating glucocorticoids and stimulates the release of glutamate.
Chronic early childhood stress leads to an overspecialized or excessive stress response by building additional excitatory pathways |
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) |
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Definition
| PET scans demonstrate increased glucose metabolism rates in the pre-frontal cortex associated with worry and hypervigilance. |
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Term
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
PET scans demonstrate increased glucose metabolism rates in the pre-frontal cortex, especially in the orbitofrontal areas.
MRI results demonstrate widely distributed decreased white matter. |
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Term
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Definition
Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate
Diaphoresis (sweating)
Trembling and shaking
Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
Feeling of choking
Chest pain or discomfort
Nausea and abdominal discomfort
Vertigo and/or faintness
Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (feelings of being detached from oneself)
Fear of losing control
Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations)
Chills and hot flashes |
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Term
| Panic Disorder Definition |
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Definition
| A discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which at least four of the following symptoms develop and reach a peak within 10 minutes. |
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Term
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Definition
Obsession: Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images
Compulsion: Repetitive/ritualistic behavior (e.g. hand washing, checking) or mental acts (e.g. counting,) that the person feels driven to do in response to an obsession |
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Term
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Definition
Flat and colorless language with excessive detail in descriptions and explanations
Ambivalence; difficulty making decisions
Void of emotion other than signs of anxiety
Recognizes that thoughts and actions are unreasonable |
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Term
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Definition
Continuous, excessive worry occurring for at least 6 months
Experiences at least 3 of the following symptoms:
Feeling on edge
Fatigue
Difficulty concentrating
Irritability
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance |
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Term
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Definition
Fear of an object, act, or situation that is not realistically dangerous, but that has come to represent a danger
Possibility of contact with target of fear precipitates physiological and behavioral signs of anxiety
Avoidance of target of fear
Recognition that reaction is not reasonable |
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Term
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Definition
An event is experienced in which both of the following are true:
The event involved threatened death or actual or threatened serious injury.
The response to the event involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror.
The traumatic event is internally re-experienced.
There is avoidance of stimuli associated with triggering the re-experienced event.
A numbing of general responsiveness results. |
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Term
| Anxiolytic Medication: Benzodiazepines MOA & Ex |
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Definition
Bind with GABA receptors to increase the opening of the chloride ion channel leading to increased inhibitory action of GABA.
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Oxazepam (Serax)
Temazepam (Restoril)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Clorazepate (Tranxene)
Diazepam (Valium) |
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Term
| Anxiolytic Medication: Buspirone (BuSpar) MOA & Ex |
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Definition
| Increases inhibitory action of serotonin at the presynaptic release site and partially at the postsynaptic receptor site (serotonin agonist). |
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Term
| Anxiolytic Medication: Propranolol (Inderal) MOA & Ex |
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Definition
| Decreases physiological signs related to anxiety by blocking beta-noradrenergic receptors thus decreasing excitatory action of norepinephrine. |
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Term
| Benzodiazepines Side Effects |
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Definition
rowsiness
Ataxia
Highly addictive |
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Term
| Buspirone (BuSpar) Side Effects |
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Definition
Dizziness
Nausea
Headache
Nervousness/excitement
Lightheadness |
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Term
| Propranolol (Inderal) Side Effects |
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Definition
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Fatigue and weakness
Lightheadedness
Nausea, stomach upset or cramping, vomiting
Trouble sleeping |
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