Term
| What 4 neurotransmitters have been implicated in anxiety? |
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Definition
Aminobutyric acid (GABA);
Monoamine Neurotransmittters – (norepinephrine and serotonin);
Dopamine |
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Term
| which GABA receptor has been linked to anx? |
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Definition
| GABA-A is linked with anxiety |
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Term
| what are the 3 norepi receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| which norepi has been linked to anxiety? |
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Definition
Alpha 2 – more studied in relationship to anxiety and depression
Excessive sympathetic activation may produce dysfunctional arousal |
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Term
| where is dopamine made; where does it go? |
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Definition
| Substantia nigra in the midbrain and mainly goes to the basal ganglia, nucleus accumbens, cingulate, and prefrontal cortex |
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Term
| what anxiety disorders is dopamine involved in? |
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Definition
| Speculation of involvement with SAD, PTSD, and OCD |
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Term
| what are the diagnostic criteria for GAD? |
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Definition
The person experiences excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities
The person finds it difficult to control the worry
Causes distress and impairment |
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Term
| what are the physical signs of GAD? |
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Definition
Twitching;
Cold, clammy hands;
Sweating;
Urinary frequency;
Exaggerated startle response;
Trembling;
Dry Mouth;
Nausea and diarrhea;
Trouble swallowing or “lump in throat” |
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Term
| How do you distinguish GAD from normal anx? |
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Definition
GAD
Worries are difficult to control and interfere with functioning;
Worries are pervasive, pronounced, distressing, of long duration, and occur without precipitation;
Physical symptoms (fatigue, restlessness, irritability) are present;
Normal Anxiety:::
Worries are controllable and can be put off until later;
Worries are situational, limited to few circumstances, and self-limiting;
Physical symptoms are minimal or absent |
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Term
| what are comorbids for GAD? |
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Definition
| MD, PD, phobias, EtOH, drugs |
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Term
| What are the diagnostic criterion for PD? |
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Definition
Discrete period of intense fear or discomfort with 4 or more of the following symptoms peaking within 10 minutes:
Increased HR or palpitations;
Trembling or shaking;
Shortness of breath/smother;
Feeling of choking;
Chest pain;
Nausea or abdominal distress;
Feeling dizzy/faint;
Chills or hot flashes;
Feelings of unreality or detachment from oneself;
Fear going crazy or lose control;
Fear of dying;
Sweating |
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Term
| Do men or women have more PD/PDA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
"fear of the market place"
Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or in which help may not be available in the event of an unexpected or situationally disposed panic attack or panic-like symptoms.
Situations are avoided or else endured with marked distress or anxiety about having a panic attack or panic-like symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
"Fear is conceptualized as a fear of social situations." A marked and persistent fear of social situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people scrutiny by others. The individual fears that he or she will act in a humiliating or embarrassing way.
Exposure to the feared situation provokes anxiety.
The fear is recognized as excessive.
Feared situations are avoided or endured with extreme distress.
Fear negatively impacts functioning and is of at least 6 months duration. |
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Term
| What are major med types for Tx for AD? |
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Definition
Antidepressants:
Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs);
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs);
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Benzodiazepines (BZD)
Other agents:
Buspirone;
beta-blockers;
Anticonvulsants (AEDs);
Atypical neuroleptics |
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Term
| what is first line med treatment for AD? |
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Definition
Antidepressants often used first-line for anxiety disorders because of:
Broad spectrum of efficacy against common comorbidities—especially depression
and
Concern about benzodiazepine-associated dependence, abuse liability and lack of efficacy for depression and other comorbidities |
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Term
| What is the major draw back for SSRI? |
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Definition
not efficacious immediately, Potential side effects
GI distress, sexual disturbance, jitteriness, headaches, sleep disturbance, sedation, weight gain, discontinuation related effects |
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Term
| what can you use SSRI for? |
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Definition
Spectrum of efficacy :
Generalized anxiety disorder;
Panic disorder;
Posttraumatic stress disorder;
Social anxiety disorder;
Also:
Depression;
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD);
Pain;
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) |
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Term
| What do you uses SNRIs for? |
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Definition
Efficacy:
Indicated for GAD and social anxiety disorder ;
Evidence of efficacy for panic disorder and PTSD;
Also: depression, OCD, PMDD, pain |
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Term
| What are benzos indicated for? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the benefits of benzos? |
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Definition
Effective;
Rapid onset of therapeutic effect;
Well-tolerated;
Rapid dose adjustment feasible;Can be used “PRN” for situational anxiety
Reduces antidepressant-induced activation |
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Term
| Do men with PD have increased Cardianc mortality? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are TCSs indicated for? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What do you use MOIs for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are beta blockers used for? |
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Definition
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