Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chain terminates viral DNA, and the chain inactivates viral-DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HSV encephalitis, HSV/VZV for IC, genital HSV |
|
|
Term
| Acyclovir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| Headache, N/V, rash, RENAL TOXICITY |
|
|
Term
| Valacyclovir (advantages to acyclovir) |
|
Definition
| Only need 2x/day dosing, high bioavailability |
|
|
Term
| Valacyclovir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| Thrombotic microangiopathy in IC patients when used at high doses |
|
|
Term
| Famciclovir (indications) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Famciclovir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits DNA polymerase but does not chain terminate |
|
|
Term
| Penciclovir (indications) |
|
Definition
| Topical for herpes lip lesions, low oral bioavailability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits Herpes simplex viral DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Trifluridine (indications) |
|
Definition
| HSV-1, HSV-2, keratoconjunctivitis, topical application only, possible for acyclovir resistance |
|
|
Term
| Trifluridine (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long chain saturated alcohol which inhibits fusion between plasma membrane and viral HSV envelope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Herpes labialis--Cold sores and fever blisters, offers only moderate relief |
|
|
Term
| Docosanol (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chain terminates viral DNA, and the chain inactivates viral-DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Activated intracellularly by phosphorylation by CMV viral enzyme |
|
|
Term
| Ganciclovir (viral selectivity) |
|
Definition
| More active against CMV, equal activity towards HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV |
|
|
Term
| Ganciclovir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| More toxic than acyclovir, teratogenic, bone marrow suppression -> neutropenia |
|
|
Term
| Ganciclovir (indications) |
|
Definition
| Intraocular implants and by IV only for life/sight threatening CMV illness |
|
|
Term
| Valganciclovir (indications) |
|
Definition
| CMV retinitis treatment with oral dose versus IV dose with ganciclovir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Activated by intracellular phosphoyrlation and inhibits CMV DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cidofovir (adverse affects) |
|
Definition
| Neutropenia, nephrotoxicity (protected by probenecid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pyrophosphate analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| Foscarnet (viral selectivity) |
|
Definition
| CMV, HSV, VZV (esp. resistant strains) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CMV retinitis, HSV acyclovir/pencyclovir resistant strains |
|
|
Term
| Foscarnet (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| Renal (major), N/V, CNS, electrolyte imbalance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| block uncoating of myxoviruses (Influenza A), via inhibition of hydrogen ion channels which normally allow the acidification and resultant uncoating of this virus |
|
|
Term
| Adamantine (viral selectivity) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amantadine (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| No Liver, CNS, renal, GI, teratogenic |
|
|
Term
| Rimantadine (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| Liver, no CNS, no Renal, GI, teratogenic |
|
|
Term
| Oseltamivir (indications) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oseltamivir (phamacokinetics) |
|
Definition
| Oral prodrug with good bioavilability, only need once/twice per day |
|
|
Term
| Oseltamivir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| Hypersensitivity, nausea, vomiting, headache |
|
|
Term
| Zanamivir (pharmacokinetics) |
|
Definition
| Poor bioavailability, but really good lung distribution |
|
|
Term
| Zanamivir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| Nasal/throat discomfort, headach, cough, bronchospasm, NOT FOR ASTHMATICS OR NURSING MOTHERS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Purine analog that inhibits Influenza A and B, and RSV, and somewhat Hep-C |
|
|
Term
| Ribavirin (viral selectivity) |
|
Definition
| RSV in children, Hep-C when combined with IFN-alpha-2b |
|
|
Term
| Ribavirin (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, TERATOGEN, IRRITATES RESPIRATORY TRACT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monoclonal antibody used to prevent RSV in high-risk infants and children with respiratory disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lactic acidosis
hepatic steatosis
peripheral neuropathy
bone marrow suppression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| zidovudine (adverese effects) |
|
Definition
lactic acidosis
lipodystrophy
bone marrow depression |
|
|
Term
| Zidovudine (drug-drug interactions) |
|
Definition
Ganciclovir (synergistic neutropenia)
Trimethoprim (decreases reneal excretion
Probenecid (uric acid excreted in place of Zidovudine)
Stavudine (competes with zidovudine for phosphoyrlation resulting in antagonism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduces freq. of neonatal HIV infections; oral administration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| didanosine (indications/adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| limited use/poor bioavailability; lactic acidosis, pancreatitis (MAJOR) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stavudine (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
lactic acidosis
lipodystrophy |
|
|
Term
| Hepatitis B rebound effect drugs? |
|
Definition
| lamivudine, emitricitabine, tenofovir |
|
|
Term
| Drugs used to block neonate transmission |
|
Definition
| Zidovudine, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, Nevirapine, Nelfinavir, Lopinavir/ritonavir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lamivudine (non-HIV indication) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lamivudine (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| lactic acidosis (but decreased relative to other NRTIs) |
|
|
Term
| emtricitabine (MOA/class) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| emtricitabine (non-HIV indication) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| once a day, due to increased half-life from fluorination |
|
|
Term
| emtricitabine (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| lactic acidosis (but decreased relative to other NRTIs), hyperpigmentation of the palms and soles, headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abacavir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
lactic acidosis (but decreased relative to other NRTIs)
hypersensitivity (HLAB*5701 gene -> if present, susc. to hypersensitivity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pre-exposure prophylaxis (w/ emtricitabine), HIV infections (obvi...lol) |
|
|
Term
| tenofovir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| nephrotoxicity, bone loss |
|
|
Term
| tenofovir (non-HIV indication) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tenofovir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| lactic acidosis (but decreased relative to other NRTIs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nevirapine (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
rash (Steven-Johnson Syndrome)
**Hepatoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-cause rash
-increased transaminase levels
-metabolized by CYP450 enzymes (act as a substrate)
-D-D interactions -> Rifampin induces CYP3A4, thus drug conc. Decreases |
|
|
Term
| teratogenic anti-viral drugs? |
|
Definition
| efavirenz, ribavirin, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, trifluoridine, amantidine, rimantidine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CNS (depression), vivid dreams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| etravirine (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| GI(rare among NNRTIs), rash; potential D-D interactions -> major CYP inducer |
|
|
Term
| rilpivarine (pharmacokinetics) |
|
Definition
| doesn't induce or inhibit, only a substrate for CYP3A4 enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protease Inhibitors (properties) |
|
Definition
-all PIs inhibit P450
-D-D interaction -> rifampin decreases PI levels -> don't use rifampin, use rifabutin
-at low doses, ritonavir specifically enhances other PI levels |
|
|
Term
| Protease Inhibitors (adverse effects -> all) |
|
Definition
-fat redistribution
-hyperlipidemia
-hyperglycemia
-bone loss
-elevation of serum transaminases
-CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PI (boosting agent for other PIs) |
|
|
Term
| saquinavir (hard gelatin capsul)/ritonavir (MOA/class) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nelfinavir (pharmacokinetics) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nelfinavir (add'l adverse effects) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atazanavir/ritonavir (MOA/class) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atazanavir/ritonavir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| less severe hyperlipidemia than other PIs; use caution w/ pts w/ cardiac abnormality |
|
|
Term
| lopinavir/ritonavir (MOA/class) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lopinavir/ritonavir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| few additional side effects |
|
|
Term
| fosamprenavir/ritonavir (MOA/class) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fosamprenavir/ritonavir (adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| contains sulfonamide, thus rash/allergy potential, kidney stones |
|
|
Term
| darunavir/ritonavir (MOA/class) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| darunavir/ritonavir (add'l adverse effects) |
|
Definition
| contains sulfonamide, thus rash/allergy potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tipranavir (add'l adverse effects) |
|
Definition
-contains sulfonamide, thus rash/allergy potential
-intracranial hemorrhaging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fusion inhibitor; interferes w/ HIV binding to host cell membrane via HIV gp41 |
|
|
Term
| enfuvirtide (indications) |
|
Definition
| ART resistant HIV infections; use in combo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CCR5 co-receptor antagonist; blocks HIV entry receptor CCR5 (that interacts with HIV gp120) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| initial HIV Tx and when HIV resistant to other regimes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| integrase strand transfer inhibitor; inhibits final step in integration catalyzed by integrase |
|
|
Term
| raltegravir (indications) |
|
Definition
| first line HIV Tx; well tolerated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| integrase strand transfer inhibitor; inhibits final step in integration catalyzed by integrase |
|
|
Term
| elvitagravir (indications) |
|
Definition
| first line therapy for HIV |
|
|
Term
| elvitagravir (formulation) |
|
Definition
-one pill combo w/: elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir
-cobicistat -> boosting agent that inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism
-emtricitabine -> rebound effect w/ Hep. B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-interferons -> peginterferon alpha-2b and 2a
-nucleoside/tide analogues -> tenofovir and entecavir (1st line); lamivudine and emtricitabine (often resistance to these); adefovir and telbivudine; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-interferons -> peginterferon alpha-2b and 2a
- nucleoside analog -> ribavirin
-protease inhibitors (blocks protease that converts HCV polypeptide into mature viral particles) -> telaprevir and boceprevir
**telaprevir or boceprevir are used in combo w/ ribavirn and an IFN |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that cause neutropenia |
|
Definition
| ganciclovir, cidofovir, zidovudine |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that cause nephrotoxicity |
|
Definition
| tenofovir, cidofovir, foscarnet, zidovudine, amantadine, acycolovir |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that cause hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that cause bone marrow suppression |
|
Definition
|
|
