Term
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Definition
Virus: HSV1, HSV2, VZV
Class: Nucleoside analogue
MoA: phosphorylated by thymidine kinase (viral enzyme), used by viral DNA pol, chain termination
Resistance: Reduce TK, mutate TK, mutate viral DNA pol, common in immunocompromised patients |
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Term
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Definition
Virus: HSV1, HSV2, VZV
Class: Nucleoside analogue, prodrug
MoA: converted to acyclovir after first pass metabolism, phosphorylated by thymidine kinase (viral enzyme), used by viral DNA pol, chain termination
Resistance: less TK, mutated TK, mutated viral DNA pol, common in immunocompromised patients |
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Term
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Definition
Virus: HSV, VZV, CMV
Class: acyclovir analogue
MoA: phosphorylated by TK (HSV, VZV) or CMV-specific kinase, more affinity for viral DNA pol, disrupts viral DNA synthesis
Adverse reactions: bone marrow suppression, GI toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Virus: most herpes viruses, acyclovir/ganciclovir resistant viruses
Class: nucleoside analogue
MoA: phosphorylated by cellular enzymes, used by viral DNA pol, chain termination
Adverse reactions: more toxicity than other nucleoside analogues, bone marrow suppression and kidney toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Virus: most herpes viruses, acyclovir/ganciclovir resistant viruses
Class: pyrophosphate analogue
MoA: no intracellular processing, binds to viral DNA pol, prevents removal of phosphate groups/chain elongation
Adverse reactions: renal toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Virus: CMV causing retinitis in HIV patients
Class: antisense therapy (nucleotides)
MoA: disrupts viral replication, binds to mRNA that is important for early replication |
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Term
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Definition
Virus: Influenza A
Class: cyclic amines
MoA: block the M2 ion channel and proton efflux
Adverse reactions: insomnia, irritability, lethargy, nausea
Resistance: Influenza A H3N2 and 2009 H1N1 (mutation in M2 protein) |
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Term
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Definition
Virus: Influenza
Class: neuraminidase inhibitor
MoA: neuraminidase cleaves sialic acid residues allowing the virus to be released from the cell surface and blocking this process thus prevents release
Adverse reactions: GI upset |
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Term
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Definition
Virus: Influenza
Class: neuraminidase inhibitor
MoA: neuraminidase cleaves sialic acid residues allowing the virus to be released from the cell surface and blocking this process thus prevents release
Adverse Reaction: exacerbation of bronchospasm |
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