Term
| Pathophysiology and S/Sx: Psychosis |
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Definition
Pathophysiology: Dopamine imbalance in the brain
S/Sx: losing contact with reality. Characterized by difficulty in processing info, delusions, hallucinations, incoherence, aggressive or violent behavior. Symptoms are either positive or negative.
Drugs are usually dopaminergic antagonist, and have many side effects. |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs used to treat psychosis.
Two subclasses:
Typical
Atypical |
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Term
| Subclass: Typical Antipsychotics |
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Definition
Class: Antipsychotics
Note: First drugs to be used for psychosis, but has many side effects
Classes Include:
Phenothiazines
Non-phenothiazines |
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Term
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Definition
Subclass: Typical Antipsychotics
Class: Antipsychotic
Includes drugs:
Chlorpromazine HCL (Thorazine) Fluphenazine HCL (Prolixin)
Thronidazine (Mellaril) |
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Term
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Definition
Generic: Chlorpromazine HCL
Class: Antipsychotic
Subclass: Typical Antipsychotic
Type: Phenothiazine
Note: First drug to be used for psychosis |
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Term
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Definition
Generic: Fluphenazine HCL
Class: Antipsychotic
Subclass: Typical Antipsychotic
Type: Phenothiazine
Note: |
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Term
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Definition
Generic: Thronidazine
Class: Antipsychotic
Subclass: Typical Antipsychotic
Type: Phenothiazine
Note: |
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Term
| Types: Non-Phenothiazines |
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Definition
Subclass: Typical Antipsychotics
Class: Antipsychotic
Includes drugs:
Haloperidal (Haldol)
Loxapine (Loxitane)
Molindone (Navane) |
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Term
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Definition
Generic: Haloperidal
Class: Antipsychotic
Subclass: Typical Antipsychotic
Type: Non-Phenothiazine
Note: |
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Term
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Definition
Generic: Loxapine
Class: Antipsychotic
Subclass: Typical Antipsychotic
Type: Non-Phenothiazine
Note: |
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Term
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Definition
Generic: Molindone
Class: Antipsychotic
Subclass: Typical Antipsychotic
Type: Non-Phenothiazine
Note: |
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Term
| Side Effects: typical Antipsychotics |
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Definition
| Extrapyramidal symptoms, hypotension, dystonia, akathesia, tardine dyskinesia, agranulocytosis, photosensitivity, pseudoparkinsonism, NMS |
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Term
| Subclass: Atypical Antipsychotics |
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Definition
Subclass: Atypical Antipsychotics
Class: Antipsychotic
Includes drugs:
Clozapine (clozaril)
Resperidone (Risperdal)
Olanzapine (Zyprexia)
Avetiapine (Seroquel) |
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Term
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Definition
Generic: Clozapine
Class: Antipsychotic
Subclass: Atypical Antipsychotic
Note: Less side effects but causes agranulocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
Generic: Resperidone
Class: Antipsychotic
Subclass: Atypical Antipsychotic
Note: Does not cause agranulocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
Generic: Olanzapine
Class: Antipsychotic
Subclass: Atypical Antipsychotic
Note: |
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Term
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Definition
Generic: Avetiapine
Class: Antipsychotic
Subclass: Atypical Antipsychotic
Note: |
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Term
| Important Nursing Assessment for Antipsychotics |
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Definition
Look for positive and negative signs.
Drug Hx of anticonvulsants.
Mental status, cardiac, eye and respiratory disorders. |
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Term
| Side Effect: Tardive Dyskinesia |
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Definition
| Protrusion and rolling of tongue, sucking and smacking movements of the lips, chewing motion, facial dyskinesia, involuntary movements of body and extremities |
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Term
| Side effect: Acute Dystonia |
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Definition
| Facial grimacing, involuntary upward eye movement, muscle spasm of the tongue, face, neck, and back (spasm causes trunk to arch forward), laryngeal spasms |
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Term
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Definition
| Restlessness, trouble standing still, paces the floor, feet in constant motion, rocking back and forth |
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Term
| Side Effect: Pseudoparkinsonism |
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Definition
| Stopped posture, shuffling gait, rigidity, bradykinesia, tremors at rest, pill-rolling motion of hand |
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Term
| Assessment: Positive symptoms |
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Definition
| Characterized by exaggeration of normal function, incoherent speech, hallucination, delusion, and paranoia |
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Term
| Assessment: Negative assessment |
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Definition
| Decrease or loss in function and motivation, poor self care, poverty of speech content, and social withdrawal |
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Term
| Important nursing Implications for antipsychotics |
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Definition
| Observe for orthostatic hypotension, observe for EPS for typical antipsychotics, make sure client is compliant |
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Term
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Definition
Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome:
Potentially fatal condition associated with antipsychotic drugs
S/Sx: Muscle rigidity, sudden high fever, alterned mental status, blood pressure fluctuations, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, seizures, rhambdomyolysis, acute renal failrue,respiratory failure, and coma
Tx:
Withdrawal of antipsychotic, adequate hydration, hypothermic blankets, adminnistration of antipyretics, benzodiazapines, and muscle relaxants such as dantrolene (Dantrium) |
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Term
| Side effect: agranulocytosis |
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Definition
| Failure of bone marrow cells to make enough neutrophils. Can be seen through laboratory diagnositcs |
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