Term
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Definition
| losing touch with reality. Manifested in many types of mental illness |
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Term
| Two types of schizophrenia symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| positive schizophernic symptoms |
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Definition
| exaggeration of normal functioning |
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Term
| negative schizophrenic symptoms |
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Definition
| decrease or loss of of function and motivation |
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Term
| Specific purpose treatment with use of antipsycotics |
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Definition
| improve thought processes and behaviour of patients with psychotic symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Result of psychotic symptoms, is due to the imbalance of the neurotransmittor dopamine |
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Term
| Another name for antipsychotics |
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Definition
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Term
| General effect of antipsychotics |
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Definition
| block D2 dopamine receptors in brain to reduce psychotic symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Some antipsychotic use block the chemoreceptor trigger zone and vomiting centre in brain and causes the antiemetic effect, which prevents vomiting and nausea |
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Term
| extrapyramidal symptoms of parkinsons (EPS) |
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Definition
| may develop from antipsychotic use. Symptoms are similar to Parkinsons (shuffling gait, tremors, masklike facies and rigidity) |
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Term
| Two major categories of antipsychotics |
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Definition
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Term
| the two divisions of typical antipsycotic |
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Definition
| phenothiazines and nonphenothiazines |
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Term
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Definition
butyrophenones,
dibenzoxazepines,
dihydroindolones and thioxanthenes |
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Term
| effect of phenothiazines and thioxanthenes (a non- phenothiazine) on neurotransmittors and 2 side effects |
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Definition
| Also block norepinephrine (along with dopamine). Causes sedative and hypnotic effects early in treatment |
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Term
| Often used in first-line of therapy for psychosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do atypical antipsychotics cause fewer extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) symptoms |
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Definition
| All antipsycotics block the D2 receptor. However, atypical antipsychotics have a weak affinity to D2 receptors and a stronger affinity to D4 receptors and block serotonin receptor. |
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Term
| 4 types of extrapyramidal syndrome symptoms |
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Definition
psuedoparkinism,
acute dystonia,
akathasia and tardive dyskinesia |
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Term
| Early EPS types of symptoms that may occur with early antipsychotic treatment |
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Definition
| acute dystonia and akathisia |
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Term
| Medication to reduce EPS symptoms |
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Definition
| anticholinergics can reduce pseudoparkinism, acute dystonia and akathisia. But will not reduce tardive dyskinesia |
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Term
| Describe symptoms of acute dystonia (4) |
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Definition
facial gimicing,
involuntary upward eye movement,
muscle spasms of tongue, face, neck and back
and laryngeal spasms
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Term
| Describe symptoms of akathesia (4) |
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Definition
restless,
trouble standing still,
paces the floor and feet in constant motion |
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Term
| Descibe symptoms of tardive dyskinesia (5) |
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Definition
Protrusion and rolling of tongue,
sucking and smaking lip movements,
chewing motion,
facial dyskinesia,
involuntary movements of body and extremities |
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Term
| What measures have to be taken with clients who exibit tardive dyskinesia? |
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Definition
| Stop antisychotic treatment and sustitute with another antipsychotic agent |
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Term
| three groups of phenothiaznes (typical antispychotic) |
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Definition
aliphatic,
piperazine and piperidine |
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Term
| What should not be taken with antipsychotics (3) |
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Definition
| other antipsychotic drugs (only one should be prescribed at one time), alcohol and other CNS depressants |
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Term
| Common side effects of atypical antipsychotics (>4) |
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Definition
| weight gain, drowziness, unsteady gait, deprssion, insomnia, diabetes mellitus, dyslipedemia |
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Term
| Two advantages of atypical antipyschotics |
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Definition
1) effective in treating negative symptoms
2) not likely to cause EPS |
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Term
| What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome + clinical manifestations (5) |
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Definition
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is rare but is potentially fatal condition that may develop fro use of antipsychotic medication.
Clinical manifestations: muscle rigidity, sudden high fever, altered mental status, fluctuations of BP, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, respiratory failure & coma |
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Term
| Predisposing factors of NMS (3) |
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Definition
| excess agitation, dehydration and exhaustion |
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