-What are the 2 major groups of antipsychotics?

-What's the difference between the 2? 

-Traditional and Atypical

-Traditional block all Dopamine receptors in the CNS and cause extrapyramidal side effects

-Atypical blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors with low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects. 

-What is schizophrenia?

-what are the 2 group of symptoms called? 

-What are they? 

-Which group of antipsychotics are better for which symptoms? 

-It's a disordered thinking and decreased ability to comprehend reality

-Positive and Negative

-positive: exaggeratino for distortion of normal function

Negative: loss or diminution of normal function

-Traditional is better for positive, Atypical may relieve both types.

-what are the posititve Symptoms?

-What are the negative symptoms? 

-Hostility, Excitability, Delusions, Suspiciousness/persecution, Hallucinatory Behavior, Conceptual disorganization, grandiosity

-Emotional and social withdrawal, passive apathetic withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking, blunted affect, lack of spontaneity/flow of conversation, stgereotyped thinking, poor rapport 

-What is an acute episode in schizophrenia?

--What are residual symptoms? why is this problematic?

-What is the cause for schizophrenia?

-How long does it take till meds start working? 

-Delusions & hallucinations prominent

-After acute symptoms happen, less vivid symptoms may remain.  it's problematic b/c pt may not realize need for medication.

-It is unknown, appears dopamine receptors are excessively stimulated. (D2 receptors) 

-Several weeks to alleviate symptoms 

-What are neuroleptics?

-How can it be classified?

-Is one antipsychotic better than the other when given in therapeutically equivalent doses? 

-another name for traditional antipsychotics.

-By potency (low, medium, high) or by chemical structure

-All drugs elicit an equivalent antipsychotic response but differ significantly in side effects. 

-What is Acute Dystonia?

-What do you treat it with? 

-Severe spasms of face neck back, oculogyric crisis, opisthotonus (jerking movement)

-You treat it with parenteral centrally-acting anticholinergics (e.g. benztropine) 

-What is Parkinsonism?

-What do you treat it with?

-What is Akathisia?

-How do you treat it? 

-Parkinson's like symptoms

-Centrally-acting anticholinergics or amantadine 

-Uncontrollable Restlessness, pacing squirming

-Decrease dose or switch to a low-poetncy drug, can also treat w/ anticholinergic, B-blocker, or benzodiazepine. 

-What are the 2 low-potency traditional antipsychotics?

-What is the 1 high-potency traditional antipsychotic?

-What are the  Atypical antipsychotics?

*Which are the prototypes.

-Chlorpromazine* and Thioridazine

-Haloperidol* 

-Clozapine* Risperidone, Olanzapine,  Quentiapine, Aripiprazole

-What is Tardive dyskinesia?

-How do you cure it? 

-Risk is dose- and duration-dependent, May be irreversible,involuntary movements of tongue and face

-No effective treatment- decrease dose and grudually discontinue all anticholinergics or switch to an atypical agent.